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Document Information:
- Year: 2008
- Country: Transnational
- Language: Chinese-simplified
- Document Type: Publication
- Topic: Assembly and Protest,Defending Civil Society
Transnational_WMD-DCS_cn.pdf
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World Movement for DemocracyNational Endowment for Democracy1025 F Street, N.W., Suite 800Washington, D.C. 20004USATel: +1-202-378-9700Fax: +1-202-378-9889Email: world@ned.orgWeb Site: https://www.wmd.org