Early W arn in g S ys te m P ro je ct

F ull Im ple m enta tio n P hase

I n fo rm atio n P ap er a n d T o olk it

M arc h 2 0 10

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T he C IV IC U S a n d IC NL E arly W arn in g S yste m P ro je ct h as b een m ad e
p ossib le w it h th e f in an cia l s u p port o f:

C hris tia n A id , P A TC -D AN ID A a nd th e S asa ka w a P ea ce F oun datio n

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T ab le o f C onte n ts

1 ) In tr o du ctio n a n d P ro je ct B ackg ro und
2 ) Pro je ct O bje ctiv es
3) Pro je ct C overa g e
4) Norm ativ e F ra m ew ork f o r t h e P ro je ct

5) Defin it io n o f C iv il S ocie ty

6) M on it o rin g T h re a ts t o C iv il S ocie ty
7) In d ic ato rs o f T h re ats t o C iv il S ocie ty

8) Com munic atio ns, A dvo cac y a n d N etw ork B uild in g

9) Partn er O rg an is atio ns

10) R ole s a n d R esp onsib ilit ie s

11) F u nd in g
A nnexes
A nnex 1 : In te rn atio nal P rin cip le s P ro te ctin g C iv il S ocie ty d evelo ped b y W MD a n d
I C NL
A nnex 2 : C hecklis t o f C iv il S ocie ty O rg an is atio ns
A nnex 3 : M onit o rin g G uid elin es
A nnex 4 : B i – W eekly R ep o rtin g F orm
A nnex 5 : In dic ato rs o f T h re ats t o C iv il S ocie ty
A nnex 6 : C om munic atio ns P la n
A nnex 7 : L is t o f C ou ntr y P artn er R ep re sen ta tiv es
A nnex 8 : P ro je ct T erm s o f R efe re n ce

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1 . In tr o du ctio n a n d p ro je c t b ack g ro u nd

O ve r th e p ast fe w y e ars , a tr e nd to w ard le gal a n d p oli c y e nvir o nm ents t h a t h am per r a th er th an e nab le c iv il
s o cie ty h a s b ee n n ote d w it h a la rm b y c iv il s o cie ty o rg anis a tio ns, th e U nit e d N atio ns, o th er in te rn atio na l
i n stit u tio n s an d b o die s, an d eve n so m e go ve rn m ents th e m se lv e s. In th e co n te xt of g lo b al co n ce rn s
r e gard in g th e s p re a d o f te rro ris m /e xtr e m is m , m any s ta te s h ave in tr o d uce d n e w r e str ic tio n s – in le gis la tio n,
r e gula tio ns o r o pe ra tio nal p olic ie s – w hic h a re in cre asin g ly b ein g u se d in a n a rb it r a ry o r d is crim in a to ry
m ann er. In s o m e c ir c u m sta n ce s, th e se b arrie rs a re u se d d elib era te ly to c u rta il c iv il s o cie ty , p artic u la rly
a m on g g ro u ps th a t e xp re ss c o n ce rn s a ro un d g ove rn m en t p olic ie s o r o p era tio n s; w here as o th e r tim es th ey
a re unfo rtu nate sid e -e ff e cts of a m alf u n ctio n in g le g al or polic y syste m , and exc e ssiv e bu re a ucra tic
d is cre tio n. In cre asin gly , d ono rs a nd o th er a cto rs a re fo rc e d to n e gotia te s u ch re str ic tio n s to s u pp ort th e
i m porta nt w ork o f lo ca l g ro u ps. D esp it e th is , th e re h as b e en lit tle d eta il e d re se arc h c o nducte d to a ss e ss
t h e s co p e o f th e se re str ic tio ns o n in d ep en dent c iv ic v o ic e s to s u p po rt p ro activ e a nd fo cu se d a d vo ca cy to
e n su re re sp ect fo r c iv ic s p a ce . S uch re se arc h is p artic u la rly n e ede d fo r c o m pa ra tiv e a n aly s is , a n d to
a ssis t w it h t h e e a rly r e sp onse t o s u ch th re ats .
D urin g 2 0 07, C IV IC US co n d ucte d re se arc h in to o th er e a rly w arn in g syste m s, h eld co n su lt a tio n s w it h
s ta ke ho ld e rs on th e gro und an d deve lo p ed ca se stu die s th at tr a cke d th e pro ce ss re la te d to le ga l
r e str ic tio n s in s e le ct c o u ntr ie s. A n um ber o f s im ila r s ys te m s w ere a sse sse d, a n d m onit o rin g te ch niq u es
w ere e va lu ate d a cco rd in g to th eir re le va n ce a nd p re vio us u se in h um an rig h ts m onit o rin g. C onsu lt a tio ns
w ere th en h eld in th e P acif ic , S outh A m eric a a nd E uro p e to d ra w o n th e e xp erie n ce o f th o se w ork in g o n
t h e g ro u nd . P artic ip a nts w ere m ostly h u m an rig hts d efe n de rs a n d re p re se nta tiv e s o f c iv il s o cie ty g ro u ps,
i n clu d in g r e pre se n ta tiv e s o f c o u ntr ie s w he re c iv il s o cie ty s p a ce h a s r e ce n tly b een r e str ic te d. C ase s tu die s
d re w o ut th is e xp erie n ce in m ore d eta il in fiv e d iv e rs e c o u ntr ie s – B ah ra in , V enezu ela , U ganda, N ep al a n d
R ussia – w here re str ic tiv e le g is la tio n a ffe ctin g c iv il s o cie ty w as in tr o duce d. T he re p orts fo cu se d o n a re as
s u ch a s: tr a ckin g th e s te ps to w ard s re str ic tiv e la w s o r p ro ce d ure s, in clu d in g th e o rd er in w hic h th ey w ere
o b se rv e d; in dic a to rs th at w ere o bvio u s a t th e tim e a s w ell a s o th ers , w hic h w ere o nly re co g nis e d in
r e tr o sp ect; a nd th e a d vo ca cy t h at w as c a rrie d o ut.
B ase d o n th e c o n su lt a tio ns, c a se s tu die s, a s w ell a s C IV IC U S a n d IC N L’s o w n e xp erie nce , m eth o do lo gy
a n d a b lu e p rin t to tr a ck th e e arly s ig n s o f re str ic tio n o f c iv il s o cie ty s p ace w ere d e ve lo pe d. S eve n c iv il
s o cie ty p artn e rs fr o m E th io pia , K aza kh sta n , L e ba no n, P hilip p in es, S olo m on Is la n ds, U nit e d S ta te s a nd
V ie tn am w ere in vit e d to p artic ip ate in a w ork sh o p a t J o h an ne sb u rg in S epte m ber 2 008 to d is cu ss a n d
r e fin e th e m eth odolo gy fo r th e p ro je ct p rio r to c o m m encin g th e p ilo t p hase o f th e E arly W arn in g S yste m
( E W S) p ro je ct f r o m O cto b er 2 00 8 t o M arc h 2 00 9.
U pon c o nclu sio n o f th e p ilo t p h ase , p artn er o rg a nis a tio ns w ere s e n t a q uestio n nair e s e ekin g th e ir v ie w s
o n d if f e re nt f a ce ts o f t h e p ro je ct a n d h o w th e se c o u ld b e im pro ve d. A cc o rd in g ly , a n e va lu atio n r e p ort w as
d ra fte d ta kin g in to a cco un t t h ese c o nce rn s a nd t h e m eth od olo gy w as r e vis e d to p re pa re fo r th e f u ll
i m ple m en ta tio n p h ase o f th e p ro je ct f r o m O cto b er 2 009 th ro ug h S ep te m ber 2 010.

2 . Pro je c t o bje ctiv es

O ve ra ll, th e E W S p ro je ct a im s to :
· Genera te b ro ad er a w are ne ss a b o ut r e str ic tio n s o n c iv il s o cie ty s p a ce a m ong v a rie d s ta ke ho ld e rs a t
n atio nal, r e g io n al a nd in te rn a tio n al le ve ls , in clu d in g g ove rn m ents , c iv il s o cie ty o rg anis a tio ns, in te r-
g ove rn m enta l o rg a nis a tio n s, d on or a gencie s a nd th e m edia ;
· Enab le e ff e ctiv e d is se m in a tio n o f r e li a ble a n d e asil y a cce ssib le in fo rm atio n r e la te d to c iv il s o cie ty in
t h e 1 4 c o u ntr ie s c o ve re d b y th e p ro je ct, p a rtic u la rly r e la te d t o t h re ats t o c iv ic s p a ce to e nab le
a dvo ca cy a n d o th er a ctio n s;
· Build s tr o ng er lo ca l a nd in te rn atio nal n etw ork s o f s ta ke h old e rs in vo lv e d in c o lla b ora tin g o n is su es
r e la te d to c iv il s o cie ty s p ace ; a n d
· Enab le e ff e ctiv e r e sp onse s ( b o th lo ca ll y a n d in te rn atio na lly ) a t a n e arly s ta g e to le g al d eve lo p m en ts
t h at m ay im ped e c iv il s o cie ty a ctiv it ie s in th e c o un tr ie s c o ve re d b y th e p ro je ct.

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3 . Pro je c t c o ve ra g e

A s m en tio n ed a bove , th e E W S p ro je ct w as p ilo te d in s e ve n c o u ntr ie s (E th io p ia , K aza kh sta n, L e ba no n,
P hilip p in es, S olo m on Is la nd s, U nit e d S ta te s a nd V ie tn am ) fr o m O cto b er 2 00 8 to M arc h 2 009. It is b e in g
e xte nd ed to a noth er s e ve n c o untr ie s in th e fu ll im ple m enta tio n p ha se fr o m O cto be r 2 0 09 to S epte m be r
2 0 10 (E gyp t, N ic a ra gu a, P akis ta n, R ussia , U zb ekis ta n , V en ezu e la a nd Z im bab w e), ta kin g th e to ta l to 1 4
c o u ntr ie s.
T he c rit e rio n in s e le ctin g th e p re se nt c o u ntr ie s w as to e na ble d iv e rs it y in g eo gra phic s p re ad a s w ell a s
p o li t ic a l s yste m s. A s th e p ro je ct p ro ce e ds b e yo n d th e fu ll im ple m enta tio n s ta ge , it is in te n ded to e xp an d
t h e p ro je ct to o th e r c o u ntr ie s a n d e xp an d it s r e g io nal c o ve ra ge to a ll c o rn e rs o f th e g lo b e.
4. N orm ativ e f r a m ew ork f o r t h e p ro je ct
T he E arly W arn in g S yste m is p re m is e d u po n g uara nte es e n sh rin ed in th e In te rn atio nal B ill o f R ig h ts w hic h
c o m pris e s th e U niv e rs a l D ecla ra tio n o f H um an R ig hts , t h e In te rn atio nal C ove na nt o n C iv il a nd P olit ic a l
R ig hts , a nd th e In te rn atio n al C ove na nt o n E co no m ic , S ocia l a nd C ult u ra l R ig hts . In p artic u la r, it s e e ks to
p ro te ct th e fr e ed om s o f a ss o cia tio n , e xp re ssio n a nd a sse m bly . It r e co g nis e s th e fu rth er d efin it io n o f th ese
p a rtic u la r r ig h ts a s d escrib ed in t h e U N D ecla ra tio n o n H um an R ig hts D efe n ders , a s w ell a s th e
i n te rn atio nal p rin cip le s s e t f o rth in th e I C N L-W orld M ove m en t f o r D em ocra cy r e port D efe ndin g C iv il
S ocie ty .
1 T he E W S s e eks to m onit o r th e m ann er in w hic h s ta te s r e sp ect a n d p ro te ct t h ese r ig h ts , a nd
h o pes to p ro vid e e a rly a le rts a n d m ob il is e r e sp onse s w he n t h e se r ig hts m ay b e a t r is k .
5 . D efin it io n o f c iv il s o cie ty

C iv il s o cie ty c a n b e b ro a dly d efin ed a s “ th e a re n a, o u ts id e o f th e fa m ily , th e s ta te , a nd th e m ark e t, w hic h is
c re ate d b y in d iv id ual a n d c o lle ctiv e a ctio ns, o rg anis a tio ns a nd in stit u tio n s to a d va nce s h are d in te re sts ”. 2
T he E W S s ys te m u se s th is b ro ad d efin it io n in m onit o rin g th re ats to c iv il s o cie ty . G iv e n th e v a ry in g
i n te rp re ta tio n s o f c iv il s o cie ty in e ach c o untr y , h o w eve r, it w as a g re ed d urin g th e p il o t p h ase th at th is
w ould n ot b e a n e xh a ustiv e lis t, a n d p a rtn e r o rg a nis a tio n s w ere p erm it te d to m odif y it a cc o rd in g t o c o un tr y
c o n te xt.
I n a d dit io n t o d efin in g c iv il s o cie ty ( i. e . t h e a cto rs th e E W S s e e ks to p ro te ct) , p rio r to im ple m entin g t h e p il o t
p h ase , p ro je ct p a rtn e rs a ls o e nd ea vo re d t o id en tif y t h o se s e cto rs o f ‘c iv il s o cie ty ’ w hose r ig h ts th ey w ou ld
p rim aril y fo cu s t h eir e ne rg ie s o n . R eco g nis in g t h a t s o m e s e gm ents o f w ha t is b ro a dly u nders to od a s c iv il
s o cie ty ( i. e th e a re na o uts id e th e f a m ily , s ta te a n d m ark e t) , m ay h ave in te n tio ns o r a p pro ach es th a t
c o n tr a dic t t h e p rin cip le s o f h um an r ig hts , th e p artn ers a gre ed th at th e E W S s h ou ld o nly r e co g nis e a n d
s e e k to d e fe nd th ose m em bers o f c iv il s o cie ty w ho se g o als a re a lig ned w it h t h e U niv e rs a l D ecla ra tio n o f
H um an R ig h ts , a nd t h o se w ho e m plo y p eace fu l m ea ns in t h e ir a ctiv it ie s.
6 . M onit o rin g t h re ats t o c iv il s o cie ty

B oth s e co ndary a nd p rim ary s o urc e s a re to b e u se d t o m onit o r th re ats t o c iv il s o cie ty . 3 T he c o un tr y
p a rtn ers a re p rim arily e xp ecte d to m on it o r lo ca l o r r e gio nal s o u rc e s, w it h C IV IC U S m on it o rin g th e
i n te rn atio nal p re ss, r e ports o f in te rn a tio nal c iv il s o cie ty o rg anis a tio ns a s w ell a s in te rn atio n al a ge ncie s o r
b o die s.
T he s o u rc e s to b e m onit o re d c o nsis t o f th e f o llo w in g:

· med ia
· offic ia l p ub lic a tio ns a n d s ta te m ents
1 T he f u ll t e xt o f th e U N D ecla ra tio n o f H um an R ig hts D efe nd ers is a va ila ble a t
h tt p ://w ww2.o hch r.o rg /e n gli s h /is s u e s/d efe nd ers /d o cs/d ecla ra tio n /d ecla ra tio n.p df a n d t h e IC N L-W MD
D efe nd in g C iv il S ocie ty p rin cip le s a re in clu de d in A nnex 1
2 T his d e fin it io n w as d eve lo ped b y th e C IV IC US C iv il S ocie ty I n d ex. A lis t o f o rg a nis a tio n s th at a re
c o n sid e re d ‘c iv il s o cie ty ’ fo r t h e p u rp ose s o f th e E W S a re in clu de d in A nnex 2
3 G uid e li n e s fo r m onit o rin g a re a va il a ble in A nnex 3

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· decis io n s o f c o urts a n d o th er q uasi- ju dic ia l in stit u tio n s
· civ il s o cie ty , g o ve rn m ent a n d in te r-g ove rn m en ta l o rg anis a tio ns’ r e ports
· gen era l o bse rv a tio ns o n th e g ro und
T he c o u ntr y p artn ers a re e xp e cte d to m onit o r th ese s o u rc e s a nd d e ve lo p re po rts o n a b i- w eekly b asis ,
u sin g a s e t te m pla te .
4 W here th e m onit o rin g id entif ie s th e e xis te nce o f o ne o r m ore o f th e in dic a to rs , th e
i n -c o u ntr y p a rtn e r w ill s p e cif y th e s a m e o n th e b i- w eekly m onit o rin g fo rm , p ro vid e a n arr a tiv e d escrip tio n
a s w ell a s d e te rm in e it s s e ve rit y in dic a tin g th e le ve l o f th re at a cco rd in g to a n A , B , C s yste m , A (r e q uir e s
i m med ia te a ctio n ), B (r e qu ir e s fo llo w u p), C (to b e n ote d). If a ctio n is re quir e d, th e y a re a ls o a ske d to
r e co m m en d th e m ost a ppro p ria te re sp onse . T he in fo rm atio n w ill th e n b e e nte re d in to a d ata b ase b y th e
C iv il S ocie ty W atc h t e a m b a se d a t th e C IV IC U S o ffic e s.
C oun tr y p artn ers a re re q uir e d to s a ve c o pie s o f th e s o urc e in fo rm atio n (n e w sp a pe r c li p pin gs, e le ctr o n ic
n e w sle tte rs , g aze tt e s, e tc ) re fe rre d to in th e b i- w eekly re portin g fo rm . D epe ndin g o n p re fe re nce , th is c a n
b e file d e le ctr o n ic a ll y o n a c o m pu te r, o r p rin te d a nd file d in h ard c o p y in fil e fo ld ers . It is im po rta n t th at th is
i n fo rm atio n is file d s o t h at it c a n b e r e fe rre d to in t h e fu tu re , s h ou ld t h e n ee d a ris e .
7 . In d ic a to rs o f t h re a ts t o c iv il s o cie ty

B ase d o n r e se arc h a nd c o nsu lt a tio ns w it h p artn er o rg anis a tio ns, a s e t o f 4 2 in dic a to rs w ere d eve lo p ed
a n d g ro u pe d in to 1 2 c a te go rie s fo r th e p ilo t p ha se . U pon r e ce iv in g p a rtn ers ’ f e e dback, t h e in dic a to rs h a ve
b e en m ad e b ro a de r in s co p e a nd g ro up ed in to 1 5 b ro ad c a te g orie s u n de r fiv e th e m es.
5 T hese a re :
I . Exte rn al t h re ats o r r e str ic tiv e i n flu en ces
1 Natio na l s e cu rit y c o n ce rn s
2 Fea r o f fo re ig n in flu ence
3 In flu en ce o f n eig h bo rin g c o untr ie s o r a lli e s
4 Agre em ents w it h o th er g ove rn m en ts , in te rn atio nal o r r e gio nal b odie s
I I. Thre ats a n d r e s tr ic tio ns t o C SO s
5 Que stio nin g o f C S c re d ib il it y
6 Targ e tin g o f in div id u al C iv il S ocie ty a cto rs
7 Unw arra n te d o ffic ia l r e str ic tio n s o n C S
8 Que stio nin g o f p olit ic a l im partia li t y o f C SO s
I II. Thre ats a n d r e s tr ic tio ns t o c iv il a n d p o li t ic al r ig hts
9 Media r e str ic tio ns
10 Polit ic a l a n d e le cto ra l p ro ce sse s
11 Restr ic tio n s o n c iv il lib e rtie s a n d o th er b asic r ig hts
I V . Restr ic tiv e in flu en ce o f a n d t h re ats f r o m n on-s ta te a cto rs
12 In flu en ce o f p riv a te s e cto r
13 Thre a ts f r o m n o n-s ta te a cto rs
V . Mis ce lla n eo us
14 Nega tiv e e ve nts
15 Posit iv e c h an ge s a nd a ch ie ve m ents

8. C om mun ic atio ns, a d vo ca c y a n d n etw ork b uil d in g
T he C IV IC US te am w ill e xa m in e th e re p orts s u bm it te d b y c o u ntr y p artn ers , e va lu ate th e m a nd c o nsu lt
w it h c o untr y p artn ers o n th e ty p e o f c o m mun ic a tio ns/ a dvo ca cy re sp o nse re qu ir e d to a dd re ss th e th re ats
i d entif ie d. O ve ra ll th e p ro je ct h a s t w o m ain c o m m unic a tio n s o bje ctiv e s:

4 T he b i- w eekly r e po rtin g fo rm at is a va il a ble in A nnex 4 5 F ull d e scrip tio n s o f th e in d ic a to rs a re p ro vid e d in A nnex 5

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1 . To e n su re th at t h e a pp ro pria te s ta ke ho ld e rs r e ce iv e in fo rm atio n in a tim ely m anner
2 . To e n su re th at t h e in fo rm atio n r e ce iv e d e n able s s ta ke hold e rs to r e sp o nd in a n e ffe ctiv e m ann er

O nce th e re ports a re re ce iv e d , th e in fo rm atio n w ill b e s h are d o n th e C IV IC US w ebsit e in c o un tr y -s p ecif ic
E arly W arn in g S yste m p ag es a t:
h ttp :// w w w.c iv ic u s.o rg /c sw /c sw -e a rly -w arn in g-s ys te m
B ase d o n th e re co m mendatio n of co un tr y p artn ers , C IV IC US an d IC NL w ill de ve lo p an a ppro p ria te
r e sp o nse de pe ndin g on th e lo ca l co nte xt in lin e w it h th e E W S pro je ct co m m unic a tio n s str a te g y.
6
A dvo ca cy/ c o m mun ic a tio n to ols o r a ctio n s c a n in clu d e b u t a re n ot lim it e d to lo b byin g w it h lo ca l a n d o th er
i n te re ste d n a tio n al g ove rn m ents , a s w ell a s re gio n al a n d in te rn atio n al b odie s; s e e kin g re m edie s th ro ugh
j u dic ia l o r q uasi- ju dic ia l b odie s; a ctio n a le rts a n d p re ss r e le ase s; p e tit io ns a nd le tte rs o f a pp ea l; a n aly tic a l
r e ports o r a rtic le s w it h p olic y r e co m men da tio ns; p re parin g le gal a naly s e s a nd c o m menta rie s; c a rry in g o ut
o f so lid arit y or fa ct- fin din g m is sio n s; org an is in g na tio n al, re g io nal or in te rn atio nal work sh op s or
c o n fe re nce s; a nd p artn ers h ip w it h in te rn a tio n al a nd/o r lo ca l o rg a nis a tio n s.

T he s u cc e ss o f th e p ro je ct is d ep endent in la rg e m ea su re u po n th e c re a tio n o f n etw ork s to h ig hli g ht
t h re ats to c iv il s o cie ty . It is h o ped to c re ate tw o ty p e s o f n e tw ork s to e n ge nder d is tr ib u tio n o f in fo rm atio n,
a n d a ctiv e lo b b yin g a nd a dvo ca cy, w here a pp ro pria te . It is e xp e cte d to c re ate a n in te rn atio n al n etw ork
a n d a lo ca l n etw ork . C IV IC US w il l c re ate a n in te rn atio nal n etw ork m ad e u p o f c iv il s o cie ty o rg an is a tio ns,
a s w ell a s sym path etic m em bers o f g o ve rn m ent a n d b usin e ss. N etw ork m em bers w il l b e n otif ie d o f
i m pen din g a nd c u rre nt th re ats to c iv il s o cie ty , a nd w ill b e a sk to re sp o nd a nd p a rtic ip a te in s o lid arit y
a ctio ns w here a ppro p ria te . S om e o f th e n etw ork m em bers m ay b e co nta cte d d ir e ctly to ta ke ce rta in
a ctio ns.
A dd it io n ally , co untr y partn er org anis a tio ns are exp e cte d to co nn ect wit h a num ber of in te re ste d
o rg anis a tio ns a n d in div id uals to c re ate a n e tw ork – fo rm al o r in fo rm al – to a ss is t w it h p ro vid in g re le va nt
i n fo rm atio n , r e ce iv in g E W S a le rts , a s w ell a s c o nductin g lo bbyin g a nd a dvo ca cy a ctiv it ie s. S uch a n etw ork
c o u ld b e m ade u p o f re pre se n ta tiv e s o f d if fe re nt fo rm s o f lo ca l a nd in te rn atio nal c iv il s o cie ty w it h in th e
c o u ntr y (ie . N G Os, tr a de u n io n s, fa it h b ase d o rg an is a tio ns, th in k th an ks) a s w ell a s in te re ste d c it iz e ns,
c iv il rig h ts la w ye rs , lo ca l m ed ia a nd fo re ig n c o rre sp on dents , d on or o rg anis a tio ns, s ym path etic p o lit ic ia ns
a n d d ip lo m ats . T he c o m posit io n o f th e n etw ork c a n b e d e pend en t o n th e c o untr y c o nte xt.

9 . P artn er o rg an is atio ns

T he fo llo w in g o rg an is a tio ns p artn ere d w it h C IV IC US a nd IC NL in th e p il o t p hase o f th e p ro je ct a n d w ill b e
c o n tin u in g th eir p artn e rs h ip in t h e fu ll im ple m en ta tio n p hase : 7

· Asso cia tio n p ou r la D éfe nse d e s D ro it s e t d e s L ib erté s – A D D L ( L e ban on )
· Deve lo pm ent S erv ic e s E xc h a nge – D SE ( S olo m on I s la nds)
· In stit u te f o r D eve lo pm ent C oope ra tio n – I D C ( K aza kh sta n )
· Kara pa ta n ( P hili p pin es)
· Cente r fo r C om mun it y S up po rt D eve lo p m ent S tu d ie s – C EC O DES ( V ie tn a m )
· Charit ie s a n d S ocie tie s N etw ork O M B W atc h ( U SA)
· Org an is a tio n fo r S ocia l J u stic e in E th io pia – O SJE ( E th io p ia )
T he n e w p artn ers in th e fu ll im ple m enta tio n p hase o f th e p ro je ct a re :

· Egyp tia n A sso cia tio n fo r C om munit y P artic ip a tio n E nha nce m en t – E AC PE ( E gyp t)
· Natio nal A sso cia tio n o f N G O s – N AN G O ( Z im bab w e)
· Pakis ta n N G O F oru m ( P akis ta n)
· Rapid R esp onse G ro up ( U zb ekis ta n)
· Red N ic a ra gu en se p o r la D em ocra cia y e l D esa rro llo L oca l ( N ic a ra gua )
· Sin erg ia ( V enezu ela )
· You th H um an R ig h ts M ove m ent – Y H RM ( R ussia )
6 T he C om munic a tio ns S tr a te g y is p ro vid ed in A nnex 6 . 7 A lis t o f c o un tr y p artn er r e pre se nta tiv e s is p ro vid e d in A nnex 7

– 7 –
T he fo ll o w in g c rit e rio n w as a p pli e d in s e le ctin g c o un tr y p a rtn e rs :

· In -d e pth k n ow le dg e o f c iv il s o cie ty is s u e s a nd th e t h re a ts f a ce d b y it , a s w ell a s c iv il s o cie ty
s ta tu s a nd d e ve lo pm ent in t h e c o u ntr y ;
· Fam ilia rit y w it h c iv il s o cie ty le ad ers in th e c o u ntr y , in clu din g h ea ds o f N G Os, c it iz e n
o rg an is a tio ns a n d m ove m ents , c o m m unit y -b ase d o rg a nis a tio n s, t r a de u nio ns, fa it h -b ase d
o rg an is a tio ns a n d m ass m edia ;
· Basic r e se a rc h s kills in clu din g p rio r e xp e rie nce in c o n du ctin g s u rv e ys , m onit o rin g m ass m edia ,
c o nte n t- a naly sis o f s e co n dary s o u rc e s a n d o bse rv a tio n;
· Exp e rie nce m on it o rin g h um an r ig hts is s u es to s o m e le ve l ( fo rm all y o r in fo rm all y ) o n a n o ng oin g
b asis ;
· Abilit y to flu en tly c o m munic a te a nd r e port in E ngli s h , in a d dit io n to k n ow le dg e o f lo ca l la n gu ages.

1 0 . R ole s a n d R esp onsib il it ie s

A cco rd in g to th e T erm s o f R efe re nce d ra w n u p, c o u ntr y p a rtn ers a re e xp ecte d to : 8

· Partic ip ate in th e tr a in in g a nd c o nsu lt a tio n w ork sh o p (J o h annesb u rg , S outh A fr ic a ) in
S epte m ber 2 009
· Carry o ut p erio dic a l m onit o rin g o f s it u atio ns th at th re a te n c iv il s o cie ty a nd p re pare
b rie f b i- w eekly r e ports in a cco rd ance w it h in dic a to rs
· Subm it q ua rte rly r e po rts a n aly s in g t h e d e ve lo pm ents in t h e c o un tr y
· Cre ate a n in fo rm al in -c o un tr y n e tw ork o f c iv il s o cie ty e xp e rts
· Work w it h C IV IC U S/I C NL to r e sp on d t o s ig ns o f t h re ats
· Work w it h C IV IC U S o n d eve lo p m ent o f c o m m unic a tio n s to ols a n d a c e ntr a l d a ta base
T he C iv il S ocie ty W atc h te a m o f C IV IC US w ill:

· Ove rs e e o ve ra ll im ple m enta tio n o f th e p ro je ct
· Cond uct a tr a in in g a nd c o nsu lt a tio n w ork sh op fo r n atio nal p a rtn e rs in S ep te m ber 2 00 9
· Coord in ate t h e s u b m is sio n o f b i- w eekly m on it o rin g r e ports a n d th e ir e n tr y in to a d ata base .
· Pre se nt u p da te s b a se d o n th e m on it o rin g r e p orts o n th e C IV IC US w ebsit e .
· Dis se m in ate u pd ate s b ase d o n th e m on it o rin g r e p orts to a n in te rn atio na l n e tw ork o f in te re ste d
a nd in flu entia l in div id uals .
· Work w it h c o un tr y p artn ers t o d eve lo p a pp ro pria te r e sp o nse s.
· Sum maris e th e f in al r e po rts p ro vid e d b y c o un tr y p artn ers in to a n a n nual r e port fo r th e E W S
p ro je ct.
1 1 .F und in g
C urre nt fu nd in g fo r th e E W S p ro je ct is p ro vid ed b y S asa ka w a P eace F oun da tio n, P ATC – D AN ID A a nd
C hris tia n A id . C ountr y p artn e rs ’ e xp ense s r e la te d to p artic ip a tio n in th e S ep te m ber 2 00 9 w ork sh o p in
S ou th A fr ic a w ill b e c o ve re d b y C IV IC US. F or t h e p e rio d o f O cto be r 1 , 2 0 09 u ntil O cto b er 3 1, 2 0 10, t h e
c o u ntr y p artn ers w ill r e ce iv e fr o m C IV IC U S, a n h o nora riu m e quiv a le nt to $ 6 00 0 ( U SD ) in to ta l, p a id in t w o
i n sta lm ents o f $ 3 000 ( U SD ) in O cto b er 2 00 9 a nd A pril 2 01 0.

C oun tr y p artn ers a re e nco ura ged to e xp lo re a lt e rn ativ e s o urc e s o f fu ndin g to s u pple m ent th eir m onit o rin g
a n d a dvo ca cy e ffo rts . C IV IC US is h appy to p ro vid e le tte rs o f s u pp ort in t h is r e sp ect.
8 A c o m ple te T erm s o f R efe re nce is a va il a ble in A nnex 8

– 8 –
A N NEX 1 . I n te rn atio nal P rin cip le s P ro te ctin g C iv il S ocie ty
(T hese p rin cip le s w ere d eve lo pe d b y th e W orld M ove m ent f o r D em ocra cy & th e In te rn atio n al
C ente r fo r N ot- fo r- P ro fit L aw a nd a re c it e d in th e R eport tit le d D efe ndin g C iv il S ocie ty , p ublis h ed
i n F ebru ary 2 008)

T o p ro te ct c iv il s o cie ty o rg aniz a tio ns f r o m t h e a p plic a tio n o f th e le gal b a rr ie rs d e scrib ed in th is p ape r, t h is
s e ctio n s e e ks to a rtic u la te p rin cip le s th at g o ve rn a n d p ro te ct C SO s fr o m r e pre ssiv e in tr u sio n s o n t h e p a rt
o f g o ve rn m ents .
P rin cip le 1 : T he R ig ht t o E ntr y ( F re ed om o f A ss o cia tio n)
( 1 ) In te rn atio na l la w p ro te cts t h e r ig ht o f in d iv id u als to f o rm , jo in a nd p a rtic ip a te in c iv il s o cie ty
o rg aniz a tio ns.
( a ) B ro a d s co p e o f r ig ht. F re e dom o f a sso cia tio n p ro te cts in d iv id u als in th eir r ig ht to e sta b lis h a w id e r a n ge
o f c iv il s o cie ty fo rm s, in clu din g tr a de u nio n s, a sso cia tio ns, a n d o th er ty p e s o f N G O s.
( b ) B ro a dly p erm is sib le p u rp ose s. I n te rn atio nal la w r e co g niz e s th e r ig ht o f in div id uals , t h ro u gh N G Os, t o
p u rs u e a b ro ad r a ng e o f o bje ctiv e s. P erm is s ib le p urp ose s g en era ll y e m bra ce a ll ‘le ga l’ o r ‘la w fu l’ p urp ose s
a n d s p ecif ic a lly in clu des th e p ro m otio n a nd p ro te ctio n o f h u m an r ig hts a nd fu ndam enta l fr e edo m s.
( c ) P ote ntia l fo un ders . T he a rc h it e ctu re o f in te rn atio nal h u m an r ig h ts is b uilt o n th e p re m is e t h a t a ll
p e rs o ns, in clu din g n on -c it iz e n s, e njo y c e rta in r ig hts , in clu din g f r e edom o f a sso cia tio n.
( 2 ) In div id u als a re n ot r e q uir e d to f o rm a le gal e ntit y in o rd er t o e njo y th e fr e e do m o f a sso cia tio n.
( 3 ) In te rn atio na l la w p ro te cts t h e r ig ht o f in d iv id u als to f o rm a n N G O a s a le ga l e ntit y .
( a ) T he s ys te m o f r e co gnit io n o f le gal e n tit y s ta tu s, w heth e r a “ d ecla ra tio n” o r “ r e g is tr a tio n/in co rp ora tio n ”
s yste m , m ust e n su re th at th e p ro ce ss is tr u ly a cce ss ib le , w it h c le a r, s p ee dy, a p olit ic a l, a n d in e xp ensiv e
p ro ce du re s in p la ce .
( b ) In th e c a se o f a r e gis tr a tio n /in co rp ora tio n s yste m , th e d esig na te d a uth orit y m ust b e g u id e d b y o bje ctiv e
s ta n da rd s a nd r e str ic te d fr o m a rb it r a ry d e cis io n -m akin g.
P rin cip le 2 : T he R ig ht t o O pera te F re e f r o m U nw arra n te d S ta te I n te rfe re n ce
( 1 ) O nce e sta blis h ed, N G Os h a ve th e r ig ht t o o pera te f r e e fr o m u n w arra nte d s ta te in tr u sio n o r in te rfe re nce
i n th eir a ffa ir s . I n te rn atio nal la w c re ate s a p re su m ptio n a gain st a ny s ta te r e gula tio n th a t w ould a m ou nt t o a
r e str ic tio n o f r e co gniz e d r ig hts .
( a ) In te rfe re n ce c a n o n ly b e ju stif ie d w here it is p re scrib ed b y la w , to fu rth e r a le git im ate g ove rn m ent
i n te re st, a n d n ece ssa ry in a d em ocra tic s o cie ty . S ta te s m ust r e fr a in fr o m r e str ic tin g fr e e do m o f a ss o cia tio n
t h ro ugh v a gu e, im pre cis e , a nd o ve rly b ro ad r e g ula to ry la ngua ge.
( b ) It is in cu m bent u pon th e s ta te t o e nsu re t h a t a pplic a ble la w s a n d r e gula tio ns a re im ple m ente d a nd
e n fo rc e d in a fa ir , a p olit ic a l, o b je ctiv e , t r a nsp are nt a n d c o n sis te n t m ann er.
( c ) In vo lu nta ry te rm in atio n o r d is so lu tio n m ust m ee t t h e s ta nd ard s o f in te rn a tio n al la w ; th e r e le va nt
g o ve rn m ent a u th orit y s h ou ld b e g uid e d b y o bje ctiv e s ta n dard s a n d r e str ic te d fr o m a rb it r a ry d ecis io n –
m akin g .
( 2 ) N G Os a re p ro te cte d a g ain st u nw arra nte d g ove rn m enta l in tr u sio n in th eir in te rn a l g ove rn an ce a n d
a ff a ir s . F re e dom o f a ss o cia tio n e m bra ce s th e f r e edo m o f th e fo un ders a nd/o r m em bers to r e gula te th e
o rg aniz a tio n’s in te rn a l g ove rn an ce .
( 3 ) C iv il s o cie ty r e p re se nta tiv e s, in d iv id u ally a nd th ro ugh th eir o rg aniz a tio ns, a re p ro te cte d a g ain st
u n w arra nte d in te rfe re nce w it h th eir p riv a cy.
P rin cip le 3 : T he R ig ht t o F re e E xp re s sio n
C iv il s o cie ty r e pre se n ta tiv e s, in d iv id ually a n d th ro ug h t h e ir o rg a niz a tio n s, e njo y th e r ig ht to fr e e dom o f
e xp re ssio n .
( a ) F re edom o f e xp re ssio n p ro te cts n ot o n ly id e as r e gard e d a s in off e n siv e o r a m att e r o f in d if fe re nce b ut
a ls o th o se th at o ff e n d, s h o ck o r d is tu rb , s in ce p lu ra lis m is e ss e n tia l in a d e m ocra tic s o cie ty . N G Os a re
t h e re fo re p ro te cte d in th eir a bilit y to s p ea k c rit ic a lly a gain st g o ve rn m ent la w o r p olic y, a nd to s p eak
f a vo ura bly f o r h um an r ig hts a nd fu nd am enta l fr e ed om s.

– 9 –
( b ) In te rfe re n ce w it h fr e ed om o f e xp re ssio n c a n o nly b e ju stif ie d w here it is p re scrib e d b y la w , in th e
i n te re sts o f a le git im ate g ove rn m ent in te re st, a n d n ece ssa ry in a d em ocra tic s o cie ty . S ta te s m ust r e fr a in
f r o m r e str ic tin g fr e e dom o f e xp re ssio n t h ro u gh v a gu e, im pre cis e , a nd o ve rly b ro ad r e g ula to ry la ng ua ge.
( c ) S te m min g fr o m th e w ell- r e co gniz e d p ro te ctio n o f in div id u als to f r e ed om o f a sse m bly , N G O
r e pre se nta tiv e s h ave th e r ig ht to p la n a n d/o r e n ga ge in th e a dvo ca cy o f le g al a im s, in clu din g h um an r ig hts
a n d f u n da m enta l f r e ed om s.
P rin cip le 4 : T he R ig ht t o C om munic a tio n a n d C oop era tio n
( 1 ) C iv il s o cie ty r e p re se nta tiv e s, in d iv id u ally a nd th ro ugh th eir o rg aniz a tio ns, h a ve th e r ig ht to
c o m mun ic a te a nd s e ek c o ope ra tio n w it h o th e r e le m ents o f c iv il s o cie ty , th e b usin ess c o m mun it y ,
i n te rn atio nal o rg an iz a tio ns a n d g ove rn m ents , b oth w it h in a nd o uts id e t h e ir h om e c o un tr ie s.
( 2 ) In div id u als a nd N G O s h ave th e r ig ht to fo rm a nd p artic ip a te in n etw ork s a nd c o alit io n s in o rd er t o
e n hance c o m munic a tio n a nd c o o pera tio n, a n d to p u rs u e le git im ate a im s.
( 3 ) In div id u als a nd N G O s h ave th e r ig ht to u se t h e In te rn et a nd w eb-b ase d te ch no lo gie s to c o m munic a te
m ore e ffe ctiv e ly .
P rin cip le 5 : T he R ig ht t o S ee k a n d S ec u re R eso urc e s
W it h in b ro a d p ara m ete rs , N G O s h a ve th e r ig ht t o s e ek a n d s e cu re f u n din g f r o m le g al s o urc e s. L eg al
s o u rc e s m ust in clu de in div id u als a nd b usin esse s, o th er c iv il s o cie ty a cto rs a n d in te rn atio n al o rg a niz a tio n s,
i n te r-g ove rn m en ta l o rg a niz a tio n s, a s w ell a s lo ca l, n a tio n al, a n d fo re ig n g ove rn m ents .
P rin cip le 6 : S ta te D uty t o P ro te ct
( 1 ) T he S ta te h as a d uty to p ro m ote r e sp ect f o r h u m an r ig hts a nd fu nd am en ta l fr e edom s, a nd th e
o b li g atio n to p ro te ct th e r ig hts o f c iv il s o cie ty . T he S ta te ’s d uty is b oth n eg ativ e ( i. e ., t o r e fr a in fr o m
i n te rfe re nce w it h h um an r ig hts a n d fu n dam enta l fr e e dom s), a n d p osit iv e ( i. e ., t o e nsu re r e sp e ct f o r h um an
r ig hts a n d f u n da m enta l f r e edom s).
( 2 ) T he S ta te d uty in clu de s a n a cco m pan yin g o b li g atio n to e n su re th at th e le gis la tiv e f r a m ew ork r e la tin g to
f r e e dom o f a ss o cia tio n a n d c iv il s o cie ty is a p pro pria te ly e nabli n g, a nd t h a t th e n e ce ssa ry in stit u tio na l
m ech a nis m s a re in p la ce to e n su re th e r e co g niz e d r ig hts to a ll in d iv id u als .

T h e f u ll r e p ort i s a va il a b le a t
h tt p ://w ww .i c n l.o rg /k n ow le d ge/n ew s/2 00 8/3 -2 1.h tm

– 1 0 –
A N NEX 2 . W hat i s C iv il S ocie ty ? C heck li s t o f C iv il S ocie ty
O rg an is a tio ns ( C SO s)
E arly W arn in g S yste m F ull Im ple m en ta tio n P hase
The C IV IC US C iv il S ocie ty In d e x d e fin es c iv il s o cie ty a s th e a re na, o uts id e o f th e f a m ily , t h e s ta te , a n d th e
m ark e t, w hic h is c re a te d b y in div id u al a nd c o lle ctiv e a ctio n s, o rg a nis a tio n s a n d in stit u tio n s t o a dva n ce
s h a re d in te re sts . T he E W S s ys te m u se s t h is b ro a d d efin it io n in m onit o rin g th re ats t o c iv il s o cie ty .
E ntit ie s t h a t f o rm p art o f c iv il s o cie ty c a n th ere fo re in clu d e n o n-g ove rn m en ta l o rg a nis a tio ns ( N G Os), tr a d e
u n io ns, f a it h -b ase d g ro u ps, a ca de m ic in stit u tio ns a n d t h in k-ta n ks, a nd c o m m unit y g ro ups a n d n e tw ork s.
S om e o f t h eir a ctiv it ie s m ay in clu de p ro vis io n o f s e rv ic e s in h e alt h o r e d uca tio n , c a m pa ig nin g o n s o cia l
j u stic e is s u e s, d is s e m in atio n o f in fo rm atio n o f v a lu e to th e c o m munit y , w ork in g t o im pro ve g ove rn m enta l
t r a nsp are ncy, o r p a rtic ip atio n o f v u ln era ble o r m arg in alis e d s e ctio n s o f t h e p o pula tio n.
T he fo ll o w in g is a ‘c h eckli s t’ o f d if f e re nt c a te go rie s o f C SO s in te n ded to a ssis t th e E W S C ou ntr y P artn e rs
i n id e ntif y in g th e fu ll r a n ge o f C SO s in t h eir c o u ntr ie s. P le a se n ote th at n o t e ve ry c a te go ry lis te d b elo w w ill
n e ce ssa ril y e xis t in e ve ry c o untr y , n or is th is a n e xh au stiv e lis t o f p ossib le c a te g o rie s. T his l i s t s h ou ld b e
a d ap te d t o t h e i n div id ual c o untr y ’s c o nte x t.
G uid in g C heck lis t o f C ate g orie s o f C SO s:
– Fait h -b a se d o rg anis a tio ns
– Tra de u nio ns
– Wom en ’s o rg an is a tio ns
– Stu dent o r y o uth o rg anis a tio n s
– Deve lo p m enta l C SO s ( e .g . N G Os w ork in g o n lit e ra cy, h e alt h , s o cia l s e rv ic e s)
– Advo ca cy C SO s ( e .g . c iv ic a ctio n , s o cia l ju stic e , h u m an r ig hts , c o nsu m ers ’ g ro up s)
– CSO s a ctiv e in r e se arc h , in fo rm atio n d is se m in atio n, e d uca tio n a n d tr a in in g ( e .g . th in k ta nks, r e so urc e
c e n tr e s, n o n -p ro fit s c h o ols )
– Non-p ro fit m ed ia g ro ups
– Asso cia tio ns of so cio -e co n om ic a lly m arg in alis e d gro u ps (e .g . po or pe op le , ho m ele ss, la nd le ss,
i m m ig ra nts , r e fu g ees)
– Socia l s e rv ic e a nd h e alt h a sso cia tio n s (e .g . c h a rit ie s ra is in g fu n ds fo r h ealt h re se arc h a n d s e rv ic e s,
m en ta l h ealt h a sso cia tio ns, a sso cia tio n s o f p eo ple w it h p hysic a l d is a bil it ie s)
– Oth er f u n d-r a is in g b odie s a nd o rg anis a tio ns
– Pro fe ssio na l a n d b usin e ss o rg anis a tio ns ( e .g . c h am bers o f c o m m erc e , p ro fe ssio na l a sso cia tio ns)
– Com munit y o rg anis a tio ns ( e .g . v illa g e a sso cia tio ns, n e ig h bourh oo d c o m mit te e s)
– Com munit y -le ve l g ro ups o r a sso cia tio ns (e .g . b uria l s o cie tie s, s e lf – h elp g ro ups, p a re nts ’ a sso cia tio ns,
v ill a ge asso cia tio ns, in d ig eno us pe o ple s’ ass o cia tio ns, W aqfs , m ona ste rie s, and m osq ue -b ase d
a sso cia tio ns)
– Eco nom ic in te re st C SO s ( e .g . c o op era tiv e s, c re d it u n io n s, m utu a l s a vin g a sso cia tio ns)
– Eth nic , t r a d it io n al o r in d ig e no us a sso cia tio ns o r o rg anis a tio ns
– Envir o nm enta l C SO s
– Cult u re a nd a rts a n d s o cia l a n d r e cre atio nal C SO s
– CSO n e tw ork s, fe de ra tio n s, s u pport o rg an is a tio ns
– Oth ers

– 1 1 –
A N NEX 3 . M onit o rin g G uid eli n es
E arly W arn in g S yste m F ull Im ple m en ta tio n P hase
W hat is m onit o rin g ?
“ M onit o rin g – c lo se o b se rv a tio n o f a s it u a tio n o r in div id ual c a se , c a rrie d o ut o ve r a lo n g p e rio d o f tim e, w it h
r e fe re nce to a cce p te d n orm s, w it h th e p u rp o se o f p ro vid in g a n a sse ssm ent th a t s e rv e s a s b a sis f o r fu rth er
a ctio n ”. ( H UR ID O CS, 2 00 3)
“ N orm s o r s ta nd ard s a re c o m m on, a cce pte d o r a gre ed -u p on c h a ra cte ris tic s o r w ays o f b eh avio ur o f
p e rs o ns, t h in g s, e ve n ts o r s it u atio ns. A c a se o r s it u a tio n is c o nsid ere d a bn orm al if it e xh ib it s
c h a ra cte ris tic s th at d e via te fr o m r e co g nis e d n o rm s. It m eans th at t h ere is a p ro b le m t h a t n ee ds t o b e
c o rr e cte d”. ( H URID O CS, 2 00 3).
T he E arly W arn in g S yste m ( E W S) is d e sig n ed to m on it o r th re ats to c o re c iv il s o cie ty f r e edom s to e xp re ss,
a sso cia te a nd a sse m ble a ga in st t h e n orm s a n d s ta nd ard s la id o ut in in te rn atio n al h um an r ig hts la w a s w ell
a s n atio n al c o nstit u tio ns a nd o th er s u pp ortin g le gis la tio n.
T he E W S r e lie s m ain ly o n in dic a to r- b ase d m onit o rin g
.
T yp es a n d in str u m en ts o f m onit o rin g
T he E arly W arn in g S yste m w il l u se th e fo llo w in g to ols :
1. Media m on it o rin g ( lo ca l a nd in te rn atio n al)
2 . Monit o rin g o f o ffic ia l p ub lic a tio ns a nd s ta te m ents
3 . Monit o rin g o f c iv il s o cie ty r e po rts ( lo ca l)
4 . Monit o rin g o f in te rn atio na l r e ports ( c iv il s o cie ty , g o ve rn m enta l a nd in te r-g ove rn m enta l)
5 . Genera l o bse rv a tio n s o n t h e g ro un d
M ed ia m on it o rin g
M edia m onit o rin g w il l b e th e p rim ary to ol u se d in th e E arly W arn in g S ys te m . L o ca l a n d re gio nal m edia
m onit o rin g w ill b e c o nducte d p rim arily b y th e in -c o u ntr y p artn ers , w hil e C IV IC U S w il l a ssis t in m onit o rin g
t h e in te rn atio na l m ed ia . A s m ain str e a m m ed ia m ay b e h ig hly c o ntr o ll e d in s o m e c o un tr ie s, a lt e rn ativ e
m edia in a dd it io n to s e le ct m ain str e am m ed ia w ill b e m on it o re d. M edia s o urc e s fo r m onit o rin g w ill b e
s e le cte d by th e partn er org anis a tio n, ba se d o n th eir kn ow le dge of th e co u ntr y , in co nsu lt a tio n w it h
C IV IC US.
I n s e le ctin g th e m edia s o u rc e s fo r m onit o rin g, th e f o llo w in g f a cto rs s h o uld b e c o nsid ere d:
· Med ia e nvir o nm ent
: W ho o w ns th e m edia s o urc e ? W hat a re it s p o lit ic a l le anin gs? W ha t is t h e
s tr u ctu re o f a ny p ub lic ly fu n d ed m ed ia ? W ho fu n ds th e m edia s o u rc e o r w hat a re it s m ajo r
s o urc e s o f r e ve nu e? W hat is t h e a u die nce fo r d if fe re nt m edia s o urc e s?
· Med ia la w :
N atu re o f th e le ga l e nvir o nm ent u n der w hic h th e m edia o p era te s? A re th ere a ny b ro a d
r e str ic tio ns o n m ed ia f r e ed om ? D oe s th e le g is la tiv e fr a m ew ork r e la tin g to th e m edia a ll o w it to
r e p ort fr e ely a n d in de pe nd en tly ? A re a n y r e str ic tiv e la w s in r e gula r u se ?
· Pro fe ssio na l s ta nd ard s a nd tr a d it io ns
: D oes th e c o un tr y h ave a tr a d it io n o f m ed ia f r e edom ? Is
t h ere a lo ng h is to ry o f in de pe ndent p ro fe ssio n al jo urn alis m ? I s t h ere p ro fe ssio na l r e gula tio n o f th e
m ed ia ? ( fo r e xa m ple t h ro u gh a c o de o f c o nd uct a n d a s e lf – re gu la to ry c o m pla in ts p ro ce dure ) H ave
m ost jo u rn ali s ts r e ce iv e d p ro fe ssio nal tr a in in g ?
· Atta cks o n th e m ed ia
: H ave jo u rn alis ts b e en a llo w ed to g o a bo ut th e ir w ork u nh am pere d? H ave
t h ere b een a tta cks o n jo urn alis ts b y g ove rn m ent a ge nts , t h e p riv a te s e cto r o r n on-s ta te a g ents ?
H ave jo urn alis ts b ee n a rre ste d a nd im pris o ne d?

– 1 2 –
· In fo rm al c o n tr o ls o ve r t h e m ed ia : D o t h e g o ve rn m ent o r im porta nt p o lit ic a l fig ure s e xe rc is e
i n fo rm al p olit ic a l c o n tr o l o ve r w hat a p pe ars in th e m edia ? I s c o ntr o l e xe rc is e d th ro ugh b rib e s a n d
i n d uce m en ts o r th re ats a nd p e nalt ie s o r th ro u gh s e lf – c e nso rs h ip b y th e m ed ia it s e lf o r a
c o m bin atio n o f a ll o f th e a bo ve m eth od s?
W hile th ese w ill b e d is cu sse d w it h th e p a rtn er, it is e xp ecte d th at p a rtn ers w il l m onit o r a t le a st o ne
g o ve rn m ent n e w sp ape r, o ne in d epen dent n e w sp a pe r, o ne te le vis io n n ew s b ro a dca st, o ne r a dio n e w s
b ro adca st a nd o ne lo ca l a lt e rn ativ e n e w s w eb sit e .
A w eekly lis t o f m onit o rin g e ve nts m ay lo ok lik e th is :

S ta te T V n ig h tly n ew s, 7 :0 0 p .m . t o 7 :3 0 p .m . d aily , 7 e ve n ts
O r
S ta te R ad io n e w s, 1 2:0 0 p .m . to 1 2 :3 0 p .m . M on – S at, 6 e ve nts
N ew sp a pe r # 1 ( s ta te , n atio na l) , d a ily , 7 e ve nts
N ew sp a pe r # 2 ( in d ep ende nt) , o n ce a w eek. 1 e ve nt
T ota l m onit o rin g e ve nts e ach w eek: 1 5 ( o r 1 4) e ve nts
M onit o rin g o f o ffic ia l p ubli c a tio ns a n d s ta te m en ts
W hile s o m e g ove rn m ent a ctio ns m ay b e re porte d in th e n e w s m ed ia , o th ers m ay g o u n no tic e d . F or th is
r e aso n, o ff ic ia l g o ve rn m en t p u blic a tio ns a n d s ta te m ents s h ou ld a ls o b e m onit o re d o n a r e g ula r b as is . In –
c o u ntr y partn ers w ill sca n gove rn m ent w ebsit e s, m in u te s of pa rli a m enta ry an d re le va n t co m m it t e e
m eetin gs a n d o ff ic ia l p u blic a tio n s ( n e w sle tt e rs , g aze tte s) fo r a n y s ig ns o f th e in d ic a to rs .
O ff ic ia l p u bli c a tio ns a n d s ta te m ents m ay b e o bta in ed b y s u bscrip tio n (e le ctr o nic a n d in p rin t) th ro ug h
l i b ra rie s, s ta tis tic s o ffic e s a n d o th er g ove rn m enta l b o die s.
I n th e c a se o f n e w o r im pendin g le g is la tio n , it is im po rta nt to o bta in th e in fo rm atio n w hile b ill s a re b e in g
p ro pose d, d ra fte d, d eb ate d o r p asse d in le g is la tiv e b o die s. A lt h o ugh, o ffic ia l d ra fts o f b ills a nd n e w la w s
a re u su ally p ublis h e d in g ove rn m ent b ulle tin s, th e b ro a d p ro posa ls to in tr o du ce n e w le g is la tio n a re m ore
d if fic u lt to o bta in , th ere fo re c o m mun ic a tio n a n d c o nta cts w it h p olit ic a l p artie s’ a nd g ove rn m ent o ffic ia ls a s
w ell a s N G Os f o llo w in g t h e p ro po se d le gis la tio n, s h o uld b e c o nsid ere d.
T he fo ll o w in g a re s o m e e xa m ple s o f o ffic ia l p ub lic a tio ns o r s ta te m ents t h at c a n b e m onit o re d:

· Sta te m en ts b y th e h e ad o f g ove rn m ent, s ta te o r k e y m in is te rs o n is su e s a ff e ctin g c iv il s o cie ty .
M an y c o un tr ie s h ave o ffic ia l w ebsit e s f o r th e h e ad o f g ove rn m ent w here th e t e xt o f th eir s p e ech es
i s u plo ad ed.
· Als o t h e p u bli c r e la tio n s d epartm ent o f th e s ta te in m any c o u ntr ie s is s u e s p re ss r e le ase s o f
s ig n if ic a n t s ta te m en ts e m an atin g fr o m th e g o ve rn m ent.
· Som e g o ve rn m ents h a ve a n o ffic ia l n ew sle tte r, b u ll e tin o r p aper t h a t is r e le ase d p e rio dic a lly th at
g iv e s a n u p date o f r e ce nt e ve nts a n d p oli c y p rio rit ie s.
· Departm enta l w ebsit e s, p artic u la rly k e y d e partm ents li k e H om e o r In te rio r M in is tr y o r M in is tr y o f
L a w , J u stic e a nd C onstit u tio n al A ff a ir s o ft e n c o nta in im porta nt in fo rm atio n a bo ut o ff ic ia l
s ta te m ents a nd p olic y b rie fs . A ls o s o m e m in is tr ie s r e le ase a nnual r e p orts w hic h lis t k e y p rio rit ie s.
· Offic ia l G aze tt e s r e le ase d p erio dic a ll y o fte n c o n ta in in fo rm atio n a b out n ew la w s a nd p ro pose d
b il ls a s w ell a s p ro vid e in fo rm atio n o n im pe ndin g p olic y c h a nges.
· Som e c o u ntr ie s h a ve N atio na l H um an R ig h ts I n stit u tio ns o r O m bud s o ff ic e s t h at r e le ase p e rio dic
r e p orts a n d a ls o c o n ta in in fo rm atio n o n th eir w ebsit e s a b out k e y h um an r ig h ts a n d c iv il s o cie ty
c o nce rn s.
· Parlia m en ta ry o ffic e s o ft e n r e le ase t h e te xt o f n ew a nd p ro p ose d b ills a s w ell p ubli s h a cco u nts o f
p arlia m enta ry p ro ce edin gs. A ls o , m any tim es, M Ps u su a ll y fr o m t h e o pp osit io n a sk q ue stio n s fr o m
g ove rn m ent m in is te rs o n k e y c o nce rn s. B oth th e q uestio n s a s w ell t h e a nsw ers c a n p ro vid e
i n d ic a tio n o f fu tu re tr e n ds c o n ce rn in g c iv il s o cie ty .
· Parlia m en ta ry c o m mit te e s a ls o a dvis e th e g ove rn m ent o n k e y is s u es s u ch a s c o u nte r-te rr o r
l e g is la tio n, s e cu rit y a nd h u m an r ig hts c o nce rn s t h a t a ff e ct c iv il s o cie ty fr o m tim e t o tim e.

– 1 3 –
· Som etim es g ove rn m ents in stit u te e xp ert c o m mit te e s t o a dvis e o n n e w le gis la tio n a n d p olic y.
E xa m ple s in clu de, p olic e a ct d ra ftin g c o m mit t e e s o r c o m mit te es o n fr e e dom o f in fo rm atio n
l e g is la tio n.
· Reports s u b m it te d b y o ffic ia l c o m mis sio ns li k e th e la w c o m mis sio n o r a dm in is tr a tiv e r e fo rm s
c o m m is s io n o fte n p ro vid e im pen din g c lu es t o p ro p ose d le gis la tio n a nd p olic y c h anges.
· Court ju dg em en ts o fte n s p u r th e g ove rn m ent in to in tr o ducin g p artic u la r la w s o r p o lic ie s. T he
c o nstit u tio na l c o u rts in m any c o u ntr ie s is s u e g aze tt e s c o nta in in g im porta nt d e cis io n s a nd in s o m e
c o un tr ie s th ese a re a ls o a va ila ble o n s u pre m e c o urt o r h ig h c o u rt w ebsit e s.
· Als o , e le ctio n m anif e sto s a lt h o ug h n o t s tr ic tly ‘o ff ic ia l’ , p ro vid e s ig nif ic a nt in fo rm atio n a b out th e
p olic y d ir e ctio ns a nd p rio rit ie s o f t h e g o ve rn m ent.
M onit o rin g o f c iv il s o cie ty r e p orts
L o ca l a nd re gio n al c iv il s o cie ty o rg an is a tio ns o fte n p ro duce b rie fs , n e w s s to rie s a n d a na ly sis o n v a rio us
m atte rs o f im po rta nce t o c iv il s o cie ty . T hey o fte n m onit o r th e p ro te ctio n a nd a buse o f h u m an r ig hts b y b oth
s ta te a nd n o n-s ta te a cto rs . A m on g o th er a b use s, th is c o u ld in clu de th e h a ra ssm ent a nd in tim id a tio n o f
c iv il s o cie ty a cto rs , b a ns o n m eetin gs a n d d em onstr a tio n s, a s w ell a s th e r e fu sa l to r e gis te r o rg anis a tio ns.
T he y m ay a ls o in dic a te w here a g o ve rn m ent h as s ig n ed a n in te rn atio n al tr e a ty (s u ch a s th ose re la te d to
h u m an r ig hts o r c o unte r-te rro ris m ). T he in -c o untr y p artn ers s h ou ld m on it o r s u ch r e ports o n a r e g ula r b asis ,
a s t h e y a re r e le ase d.
T he s o u rc e s fo r th is ty p e o f m onit o rin g c a n in clu d e N G O p ub li c a tio ns s u ch a s g e ne ra l o r th em atic r e p orts ,
n e w s a nd a n aly s is b u lle tin s, b o oks a nd a rtic le s, a s w ell th e d is cu ssio n s c a rrie d o ut in N G O m ee tin gs a n d
c o n fe re nce s, T V in te rv ie w s w it h c iv il s o cie ty r e pre se n ta tiv e s e tc .
I n te rn atio nal r e p orts ( b oth c iv il s o cie ty a n d g o ve rn m en ta l)
T he in te rn atio nal sta ff te am base d at CIV IC U S wil l be re sp on sib le fo r co lle ctin g an d an aly s in g
i n te rn atio nal re p orts fr o m se le cte d g o ve rn m enta l, in te r- g o ve rn m enta l a n d civ il so cie ty so urc e s. T he se
s o u rc e s w ill b e id e ntif ie d in a dva n ce , in c o n su lt a tio n w it h in -c o u ntr y p a rtn ers . T hese s o urc e s w ill a ls o b e
e xa m in ed o n a r e g ula r b a sis , a s th ey a re r e le ase d, f o r a ny s ig ns o f th e in dic a to rs .
T he p a rtn er o rg anis a tio n in th e co untr y ca n a ls o u se th e in te rn atio n al re ports fo r cro ss-c h eck in g th e
i n fo rm atio n a s w ell a s a d a ta s o u rc e f o r r e le va nt in dic a to rs .
G en era l o bserv a tio ns o n t h e g ro und
T he E W S p ro je ct r e co gn is e s th a t in c e rta in c ir c u m sta n ce s, p a rtic u la rly w here th e m edia is h ig h ly r e str ic te d
o r c e nso re d, in dic a to rs m ay n ot b e p ic ke d u p b y th e ty p e s o f m on it o rin g a nd d a ta c o ll e ctio n p re scrib e d
a b ove . In fo rm atio n m ay in ste a d b e cir c u la te d b y w ord -o f- m ou th , o r in fo rm ally d urin g m ee tin g s. W hile
s o m e re ports c o u ld b e d is m is se d a s u nfo un de d ru m ours , o th er in fo rm atio n m ay h ave s o m e s u bsta n ce ,
w hic h c a n b e u se d to id entif y th e e xis te nce o f a th re at o r p re dic t it . It is th u s im pe ra tiv e th a t lo ca l p artn ers
o b se rv e an d re m ain ale rt to in fo rm al so urc e s of in fo rm atio n , w hil e de te rm in in g (th ro ugh re aso na ble
m eans) th e f a ctu al c o rre ctn e ss o f t h e in fo rm atio n .
T he p rin cip le s o f tr ia n gu la tio n (th e c h e ckin g o f th e fa cts u sin g , id ea lly , th re e s o u rc e s o f d a ta – w ord -o f-
m outh , o ff ic ia l s ta te m ents a nd lo ca l N G O re port a nd/ o r in te rn atio nal s o urc e ) s h o uld b e u se d to c o n fir m
t h e e ve n t o r th e f a ct.

– 1 4 –
A N NEX 4 . B i- w eek ly R ep o rtin g F orm
Early W arn in g S yste m F ull Im ple m en ta tio n P hase
Ple a se r e po rt a ll m onit o rin g y o u h ave c o m ple te d in th e tw o w eek p erio d , r e gard le ss o f w heth e r a ny
i n dic a to rs a re fo u nd . W here n o in dic a to rs a re fo un d, p le ase o nly lis t t h e In fo rm atio n S ourc e a nd th e
S ou rc e D ate . D ele te a ny u nu se d in dic a to r r o w s.
D ate s m onit o re d :
N am e o f m on it o r:
C ountr y :
N am e o f o rg an is a tio n:

I n dic a to r Desc rip tio n
o f e ve n ts S
ourc e
S ourc e
d ate P
ers o ns o r
o rg an iz a tio ns
a ffe cte d I
m pact o f
e ve n t L
eve l o f
U rg en cy
( A , B , C ) A
ctio ns
s u gges te d
I. E xte rn al t h re a ts o r
re s tr ic tiv e in flu en ces

1. N atio nal s e cu rit y
c o n ce rn s

2. F ear o f fo re ig n in flu ence

3. I n flu en ce o f n e ig h borin g
c o u ntr ie s o r a lli e s

4. A gre em ents w it h o th er
g o ve rn m ents , in te rn atio nal
o r r e g io nal b odie s

II. T hre a ts a n d r e str ic tio ns
to C SO s

5. Q ue stio nin g o f C S
c re dib ili t y

6. T arg etin g o f in d iv id u al C S
a cto rs

7. U nw arr a nte d o ffic ia l
r e str ic tio n s o n C S

8. Q ue stio nin g o f p olit ic a l
i m partia li t y o f C SO s

III. T hre a ts a n d r e str ic tio ns
to c iv il a n d p o li t ic a l r ig hts

9. M edia r e str ic tio ns
10 . P olit ic a l a nd e le cto ra l
p ro ce sse s

11 . R estr ic tio ns o n c iv il
l i b ertie s a n d o th er b asic
r ig hts

IV . R es tr ic tiv e i n flu en ce o f
a n d t h re ats f r o m n on-s ta te
ac to rs

12 . In flu e nce o f p riv a te
s e cto r

13 . T hre ats fr o m n on-s ta te
a cto rs

V. M is cell a n eo us
14 . N egativ e e ve nts
15 . P osit iv e c h a nges a n d
a ch ie ve m ents

– 1 5 –
A N NEX 5 . I n d ic ato rs o f T hre a ts t o C iv il S ocie ty
E arly W arn in g S yste m F ull Im ple m en ta tio n P hase
I. Exte rn al t h re ats o r r e s tr ic tiv e in flu en ces

1 . Natio nal s e cu rit y c o ncern s
S ta te o rg ans p e rc e iv e c iv il s o cie ty o r c e rta in e th nic o r id e olo gic a l g ro u ps a s b ein g h a rm fu l to n atio nal
s e cu rit y . E xa m ple s in clu de b ut a re n ot lim it e d to :
· alle g atio ns o f in vo lv e m en t in o r s u p portin g e xtr e m is t o r t e rro ris t a ctiv it ie s
· alle g atio ns o f s e e kin g to w ea ke n o r d e sta bilis e th e s ta te
· alle g atio ns o f in te rfe rin g w it h s e n sit iv e s e cu rit y a nd d efe nce m atte rs

2 . Fear o f f o re ig n in flu en ce
S ta te o rg ans e xp re ss c o n ce rn s a b ou t t h e n eg ativ e im pa ct o f f o re ig n in flu e nce o n t h e p olit ic a l, c u lt u ra l
a n d r e li g io us lif e o f th e c o un tr y . E xa m ple s in clu de b ut a re n ot lim it e d to :
· alle g atio ns a b out th e n e ga tiv e im pact o f fo re ig n fu nde d c iv il s o cie ty o rg a nis a tio n s o n p o li t ic a l,
c u lt u ra l a n d r e li g io us tr a d it io n s
· alle g atio ns r e gard in g c iv il s o cie ty o rg a nis a tio n s s u pp ortin g th e in te re sts o f f o re ig n g ove rn m ents
· sta te m ents a b out h um an r ig h ts a nd d em ocra tic c o nce pts a s b e in g fo re ig n a nd a li e n t o t h e
c o un tr y ’s t r a d it io n s o r c u lt u re

3 . In flu en ce o f n eig hbourin g c o untr ie s o r g eo polit ic s
E ve nts ta ke p la ce in n e ig hbou rin g s ta te s o r in s ta te s c lo se ly a llie d to th e g o ve rn m ent w hic h c o uld
h a ve a n egativ e im pa ct o n c iv il s o cie ty . E xa m ple s in clu d e b ut a re n ot lim it e d t o :
· in tr o d uctio n o f le g is la tio n o r p o lic ie s to r e str ic t c iv il s o cie ty a ctiv it ie s
· re ports o f a rr e sts , p ro se cu tio n , c o nvic tio n, to rtu re a nd e xtr a -ju dic ia l k illin g s o f c iv il s o cie ty
m em bers
· re ports o f r a id s o n o r c lo su re o f C SO s
· su d de n, u n exp ecte d o r m ajo r p olit ic a l c h ang es w it h im plic a tio n s fo r c iv il s o cie ty s p ace a nd c iv il
l ib e rtie s

4 . Agre e m en ts w it h n atio nal g o ve rn m en ts , in te rn atio nal a n d r e g io nal b od ie s
T he s ta te e n te rs in to b i- la te ra l o r m ult i- la te ra l m ilit a ry , s e cu rit y , s tr u ctu ra l a dju stm ent, t r a d e o r o th er
a g re em ents w hic h n egativ e ly im pact t h e f o llo w in g:
· civ il lib ertie s
· wom en ’s r ig hts
· en vir o nm enta l is s u e s
· tr a d e u nio n a nd la bour r ig h ts
· rig hts o f m in orit ie s o r in dig en ous p e ople
· rig hts o f r e fu gees, m ig ra nts o r o th e r v u ln era ble o r m arg in alis e d g ro ups
· sm all s c a le fa rm ers , e ntr e pre n eu rs o r e co no m ic a ll y w eake r s e ctio ns o f s o cie ty
I I. Th re a ts a n d r e str ic tio ns t o C SO s

5 . Ques tio nin g o f c iv il s o cie ty ’s c re d ib il it y
Sta te o rg ans s e e k t o d is c re d it c iv il s o cie ty a nd q uestio n it s le git im acy. E xa m ple s in clu de b ut a re n ot
l i m it e d t o :
· qu estio nin g th e a cco u nta bilit y / tr a n sp a re n cy o f c iv il s o cie ty
· qu estio nin g th e le git im acy o f c iv il s o cie ty to s p e ak o n o r r e pre se nt m atte rs o f p u blic in te re st
· ob str u ctin g th e a cce ss o f c iv il s o cie ty t o p arli a m enta ry p ro ce sse s, th e ju dic ia ry o r q uasi- ju dic ia l o r
a dm in is tr a tiv e a cco un ta bilit y in stit u tio ns o r th e r e m edie s o ffe re d b y th em
6 . Targ etin g o f i n div id ual c iv il s o cie ty a cto rs b y t h e s ta te
I n d iv id u al c iv il s o cie ty m em be rs a re s u b je cte d to in tim id a tio n o r h a ra ssm en t b y s ta te a cto rs o r
s u sp ecte d s ta te a g ents b eca use o f t h e ir w ork . E xa m ple s in clu de b ut a re n o t lim it e d to :
· en hance d s u rv e illa n ce a n d/ o r in te rc e ptio n o f c o m mun ic a tio ns

– 1 6 –
· ve rb al o r w rit te n th re ats
· de fa m atio n c a m paig ns a n d c h ara cte r a ssa ss in a tio n
· ha ra ssm en t o f f a m ily m em bers
· arb it r a ry d ete ntio n, m otiv a te d p ro se cu tio n a nd c o nvic tio n
· ab ductio n s, t o rtu re a nd e xtr a -ju d ic ia l k illi n gs
· id entif y in g a nd s in glin g -o ut c iv il s o cie ty a cto rs w it h in a p e rm is siv e e n vir o nm ent o f c rim e o r
v io le nce , t h e re by g re atly in cre a sin g a g e ne ra l v u ln era bilit y to p hys ic a l a tt a ck
· ab se nce o f o r la ck o f o ffic ia l a ctio n o r p ro per in ve stig atio ns fo ll o w in g a tt a cks o n c iv il s o cie ty a cto rs
7 . Unw arr a n te d o ffic ia l r e str ic tio ns o n c iv il s o cie ty
R estr ic tio n s a re p la ce d o n c iv il s o cie ty a ctiv it ie s in g en era l a n d/o r o n e o r m ore c iv il s o cie ty
o rg anis a tio ns ( C SO s) is ta rg ete d b y s ta te a cto rs . E xa m ple s in clu de b ut a re n ot lim it e d to :
· li q uid atio n, s u sp en sio n o r im posit io n o f fin e s o n o ne o r m ore C SO s
· de nia l o r n on-re ne w al o f r e g is tr a tio n o r lic e n se to o p era te t o o ne o r m ore C SO s
· in cre ase d b ure a ucra tic in te rfe re nce o r s cru tin y o f C SO s t h ro ugh r a id s o n p re m is e s
a nd/o r a d dit io nal b urd en so m e r e q uests f o r in fo rm atio n a b out o pe ra tio ns o r fin ancia l a cco u nts
· dra ftin g o f n ew le gis la tio n o r p olic ie s s u bje ctin g C SO s t o a dd it io nal r e d t a p e in clu d in g e n ha nce d
r e p ortin g r e quir e m ents
· dra ftin g o f n ew le gis la tio n o r p olic ie s t o r e str ic t th e in dep en de nce a nd/o r o pera tio nal c a p abilit y o f
C SO s
· in cre ase in r e str ic tio ns w he th e r th ro ug h o ffic ia l o rd ers /p olic ie s/le g is la tio n o r in p ra ctic e t o p re ve n t
C SO s f r o m a cce ss in g p u blic in fo rm atio n o r p artic ip atin g in p olic y d eb ate s o r la w -m akin g
p ro ce sse s
· pa ssin g o f o ffic ia l o rd ers /p oli c ie s/ le g is la tio n o r in tr o ductio n o f r e str ic tio n s in p ra ctic e t o lim it
a cce ss o f C SO s to fu n din g fr o m b oth d om estic a n d in te rn atio nal s o urc e s
· exp uls io n o f fo re ig n C SO s o r th eir m em bers fr o m th e c o un tr y o r p re ve ntio n o f th eir e ntr y in to th e
c o un tr y o r b arrin g a cce ss o f c iv il s o cie ty m em bers to a p artic u la r r e gio n o f th e c o untr y
8 . Ques tio nin g o f c iv il s o cie ty ’s p olit ic a l i m partia li t y
S ta te o rg ans p e rc e iv e c iv il s o cie ty , e th nic o r id e olo gic a l g ro ups a s b e in g p o lit ic a lly p artis a n o r a lig n ed
t o th e p olit ic a l o pposit io n. E xa m ple s in clu de b ut a re n o t lim it e d to :
· alle g atio ns o f c iv il s o cie ty b ein g p olit ic a ll y p a rtis a n
· pre ssu rin g c iv il s o cie ty t o c o nfo rm to o r s u pp o rt o ffic ia l p olic ie s a nd id eolo gy
· pre ve ntin g c iv il s o cie ty e ng ag em ent w it h is su es d e em ed t o b e ‘p olit ic a l’ o r id e olo gic a lly o p po se d
t o th e g o ve rn m ent
· pre ve ntin g c iv il s o cie ty f r o m r e pre se ntin g c o nce rn s o f e th nic , r e lig io u s o r id eolo gic a l g ro ups

I II. Th re a ts a n d r e str ic tio ns t o C iv il a n d P oli t ic al R ig h ts

9 . Restr ic tio ns o n t h e m ed ia
S ta te o rg ans s e ek to r e str ic t m edia fr e e do m a n d a ctiv it ie s, in clu d in g th e u se o f th e in te rn et a n d r e la te d
n e w m ed ia . E xa m ple s in clu de b ut a re n ot lim it e d t o :
· off ic ia l s ta te m ents o r w arn in g s o f c a utio n fo r c rit ic is in g o ffic ia l a ctio ns a nd p olic ie s
· ra id s, c lo su re s o r im posit io n o f fin e s o n o ne o r m ore m edia o utle ts
· fo rc in g t h e m ed ia to d is clo se th eir s o urc e s
· re gis tr a tio n o f c a se s u n der e xis tin g d efa m atio n , p ublic o rd e r, n atio na l s e cu rit y o r o th er le gis la tio n
a gain st jo urn alis ts o r th e m edia
· arre sts o r c o nvic tio ns o f jo u rn alis ts
· dra ftin g o f n ew le gis la tio n o r p olic ie s t o li m it m edia c rit ic is m o f o ffic ia l a ctio ns o r p olic ie s
· en hance d c e n so rs h ip o f m edia c o n te nt
· In cre ase d s ta te c o ntr o l/ o w ne rs h ip o f m edia o utle ts
· in tr o d uctio n o f r e str ic tio ns t h a t lim it a cce ss to in fo rm atio n , in clu d in g r e str ic tio n to in te rn et a cce ss
· re ports o f s e lf c e nso rs h ip b ein g p ra ctis e d b y th e m edia
· exp uls io n o f fo re ig n m edia o r m edia p e rs o ns fr o m t h e c o u ntr y
1 0 . Ele cto ra l a n d p oli t ic al p ro ces se s
S ta te o rg ans s e e k t o lim it c iv il s o cie ty in vo lv e m ent in e le cto ra l p ro ce sse s. E xa m ple s in clu de b ut a re
n o t lim it e d to :

– 1 7 –
· dra ftin g o f r e str ic tiv e le g is la tio n o r p olic ie s w it h a v ie w to b rin gin g a b ou t c h an ges in th e e le cto ra l
p ro ce ss o r lim it a tio n o f p o li t ic a l a ctiv it ie s
· re ports o f e le cto ra l m alp ra ctic e s
· ob str u ctio n o f c iv il s o cie ty fr o m e nga gin g in m on it o rin g r e la te d a ctiv it ie s a ss o cia te d w it h e le cto ra l
p ro ce sse s

11 . Restr ic tio ns o n c iv il li b ertie s a n d o th er b as ic r ig hts
N ew le gis la tio n , p o lic ie s o r p ra ctic e s in clu din g a n ti- te rr o ris m , s e cu rit y o r e m erg e ncy m easu re s a re
i n tr o d uce d w it h a n eg ativ e im pact o n civ il lib e rtie s, in dig e no us rig h ts , en vir o nm enta l rig hts , e tc .
E xa m ple s in clu d e b ut a re n ot li m it e d t o :
· in cre ase d p ow ers fo r la w e n fo rc e m ent a ge ncie s to a rr e st s u sp e cts o r c a rr y o ut e n hance d
s u rv e illa nce o ve r t h e p u blic
· re str ic tio n s o n f r e e s p e ech , a ss o cia tio n, a n d e xp re ssio n
· fa ilu re to a bid e b y n atio nal C onstit u tio n a n d la w s in le g al p olic y o r p ra ctic e
· un co nstit u tio n al o r a rb it r a ry d e te ntio n o f s u sp ects
· ra cia l o r e th n ic p ro fili n g b y la w e nfo rc e m en t a ge ncie s
· ab ro gatio n o f in dig en ous c u lt u ra l, la nd, o r w ate r r ig h ts
· in cre ase d e nvir o n m en ta l d egra d atio n o r d estr u ctio n o f e ss e n tia l e co sys te m s.

I V . Restr ic tiv e i n flu en ce o f a n d t h re a ts f r o m n on-s ta te a c to rs

1 2 . In flu en ce o f t h e p riv a te s ecto r
T he re is a s u bsta ntia l in cre ase in th e p ow er a n d in flu e nce o f th e p riv a te s e cto r to t h e d is a d va nta ge o f
c iv il s o cie ty g ro ups p artic u la rly th o se th at w ork to p ro te ct la b our r ig hts ; t h e e nvir o n m ent; o r r ig hts o f
i n dig en ous p eo ple , s m all s c a le fa rm ers , s m all s c a le e ntr e pre neu rs o r e co nom ic a lly w ea ke r s e cto rs o f
s o cie ty . E xa m ple s in clu d e b u t a re n ot lim it e d t o :
· re ports a bo ut d e cre ase d tr a n sp are ncy a m on gst b u sin e sse s a nd c o rp ora tio ns
· media o utle ts a nd n ew s s o urc e s m on op oliz e d a nd lim it e d b y p riv a te o r c o rp ora te c o n tr o l
· use o f fo rc e b y la w e n fo rc e m en t a ge ncie s a g ain st d em onstr a to rs p ro te stin g a gain st t h e r o le o f b ig
b usin esse s o r c o rp ora tio ns
· re ports a bo ut p o lit ic a l le a ders h ip h avin g p ers o n al in te re sts o r in cre ase d s ta ke s in th e p riv a te
s e cto r
· la ck o f d ue d ilig ence in c a rr y in g o ut s o cia l a n d e nvir o nm enta l im pact a ss e ssm ents , c o nsu lt a tio ns
w it h a ffe cte d s ta ke h old ers a nd r e p ortin g b y th e p ro po ne nts o f la rg e -s ca le p ro je cts

1 3 . Th re a ts f r o m n on-s ta te a cto rs
N on s ta te a cto rs s u ch a s th in k ta n ks, p o lit ic a l p artie s, m il it a nt g ro ups, r e li g io us, e th n ic o r tr a dit io nal
o rg anis a tio ns, c h am bers o f c o m merc e o r th e m ain str e am m edia ta rg et c iv il s o cie ty . I n c e rta in
c o n te xts , h ostil e th re a ts m ay e ve n c o m e fr o m a cto rs c la im in g to b e p art o f c iv il s o cie ty it s e lf .
E xa m ple s in clu d e b ut a re n ot li m it e d t o :
· accu sa tio ns o f w ea ke nin g o r d esta b ili s in g t h e s ta te o r s o cie ty
· accu sa tio ns o f in te rfe rin g w it h r e lig io us o r c u lt u ra l p ra ctic e s
· ph ys ic a l a tta ck s o n in div id ual m em bers o f c iv il s o cie ty o r a tta cks o n t h e p re m is e s o f c iv il s o cie ty
o rg an is a tio ns w heth er b y k n o w n o r u nkn ow n a cto rs
· po lit ic a l m an if e sto s s e e kin g to lim it c iv il lib ertie s a n d c iv il s o cie ty a ctiv it ie s
· li m it a tio n o f c iv il s o cie ty a ctiv it ie s d u e to a n in se cu re e nvir o nm ent w it h h ig h le ve ls o f g en era li z e d
c rim e o r v io le nce

V . Mis c ell a n eo us

1 4 . Neg ativ e e ve n ts
T hese w ould in clu de e ve nts t h at im pa ct c iv il s o cie ty n e gativ e ly b ut a re n ot c o ve re d b y th e a bo ve
i n dic a to rs . E xa m ple s in clu de b u t a re n ot li m it e d to :
· Cove r- u p o r to ke n e ve nts a re o rg an is e d b y th e g ove rn m ent to g lo ss o ve r it s h um an r ig hts r e co rd
· Hate c rim es c o m mit t e d a ga in st e th nic o r id e olo gic a l g ro u ps
· Passin g o f le g is la tio n w it h ou t s u ffic ie nt p u blic c o nsu lt a tio ns a n d/o r p artic ip a to ry p ro ce ss
· Reports o f c o rru ptio n o r c o m mis s io n o f ir r e g ula rit ie s, il le g al o r u n co nstit u tio na l a cts b y s ta te
o rg an s
· an nounce m ent o f n a tio n al, p ro vin cia l o r lo ca l e le ctio n s

– 1 8 –
· re ports o f s e lf c e nso rs h ip b ein g p ra ctis e d b y c iv il s o cie ty

1 5 . Posit iv e c h an ges a n d a c h ie ve m en ts
T hese w ould in clu de e ve nts t h at im pact c iv il s o cie ty a n d c iv il lib e rtie s p osit iv e ly . E xa m ple s in clu d e b ut
a re n ot lim it e d to :
· In tr o ductio n o f e na bli n g le gis la tio n, ju d ic ia l p re ce de nts o r p olic ie s w it h a p osit iv e im pact f o r c iv il
s o cie ty
· In cre ase d a cce ss f o r c iv il s o cie ty t o e ngag e w it h s ta te o rg a ns a nd in flu e nce p ubli c p oli c y
· Repeal o f r e str ic tiv e le gis la tio n o r d is co ntin ua nce o f r e str ic tiv e p ra ctic e s b y s ta te o rg ans
· Im pro ve d m edia fr e edom /a cce ss / d eve lo p m ent

N ote : S ta te o rg an s in clu de b u t a re n ot lim it e d to m em bers o f th e e xe cu tiv e , le g is la tu re a nd ju d ic ia ry a s
w ell as sta tu to ry bod ie s su ch as hum an rig hts co m mis sio n s, om bu dsp ers o n ’s offic e s, ch arit ie s and
s o cie tie s’ c o m mis sio ns, in fo rm atio n c o m mis sio ns, m in orit ie s c o m mis sio n s, a nd tr a de c o m m is sio n s.
T yp es o f r e sp on se a ctio ns th a t m ig ht b e r e q uir e d b y th em e

E ach g ro up o f in dic a to rs m ig ht r e quir e a s a r e sp onse to th e th re ats , w hic h w e h a ve u se d to c la ssif y th em ,
s o m e mig h t ap ply to dif fe re nt th em e. The y in clu d e but are not lim it e d to :
9
I . Exte rn al t h re ats o r in flu en ces
a . S end co m munic a tio ns fr o m ou r org aniz a tio ns to in te rn atio n al hu m an rig hts in stit u tio ns and
c o lle a gu es fr o m in te rn atio na l c iv il s o cie ty .
b . R equest co m munic a tio ns to our gove rn m en ts by in te rn atio n al hum an rig hts in stit u tio n s and
c o lle a gu es fr o m in te rn atio na l c iv il s o cie ty
c . P artn e rs h ip w it h C SO s fr o m co u ntr ie s w it h gove rn m ents w it h in flu ence or clo se n ess to ou r
g o ve rn m ents , a s w ell a s w it h h um an r ig h ts in stit u tio n s in th o se c o u ntr ie s – o m bu dsm an’s o ffic e , fo r
e xa m ple – r e q uestin g th e m to c o n du ct o p en o f q u ie t d ip lo m acy in o rd e r t o t r y t o o ffs e t th re ats
d . M eetin gs w it h lo ca l e m ba ssie s o f g ove rn m en ts re sp ectf u l o f h um an rig hts — Nord ic c o un tr ie s, fo r
e xa m ple — , to re q ue st th e ir s u p port e it h e r o p en ly -a p u blic e ve n t, fo r e xa m ple , in w hic h s u ch
c o u ntr ie s s h o w th eir s u pport fo r o ur a ctiv it ie s- o r th ro ugh q uie t d ip lo m acy
I I. Thre a ts a n d r e str ic tio ns t o C SO s
a . Lo ca l m obiliz a tio n o f C S s e cto rs , b e ne fic ia rie s, m ed ia , to jo in fo rc e s to o ffs e t d is q u alif ic a tio ns
b . Le gal a ctio n s b e fo re n atio nal c o urts , d e m an ds o f in ve stig atio n s th ro u gh th e o ff ic e o f th e P eo ple ’s
A tto rn e y a nd O m budsm an’s O ff ic e
c . Foru m s a nd W ork sh op s o n r e str ic tiv e le gis la tio n a n d p la nnin g o f p o lit ic a l in cid en ce a ctiv it ie s
d . M edia c a m paig n
e . Le tte rs o f s u p po rt fr o m in te rn atio nal p artn er C SO s
f . Pro te ctiv e m ea su re s fr o m in te rn atio nal h um an r ig hts b od ie s
g . W ork sh ops to tr a in o n p ro te ctiv e m easu re s — pers o nal, in fo rm atio n, o ffic e s

I II. Th re a ts a n d r e str ic tio ns t o C iv il a n d P oli t ic al R ig h ts
a . O bse rv a tio n o f e le cto ra l o r p olit ic a l p ro ce sse s
b . R equests o f v is it s b y in te rn atio nal o rg aniz a tio ns t o o bse rv e e le cto ra l p ro ce sse s
c . Public d em on str a tio ns t o d e m an d r e sp e ct f o r c iv il a n d p o lit ic a l r ig h ts
d . In te rn atio nal m obiliz a tio ns fo r s u p port in f r o nt o f o ur g ove rn m ent’s e m bassie s
e . P re se nta tio n o f d o cu m ente d c a se s b e fo re in te rn a tio nal h um an rig hts b o die s, d ir e ctly o r th ro ug h
p a rtn er h um an r ig hts in te rn atio n al o rg a niz a tio n s
f . Pre p are d if fe re nt m ea ns o f c o m munic a tio n s w hen th re ate ned w it h c lo su re o f m ed ia — vir tu a l a n d
o th ers – s o th at v o ic e s o f t h e p e ople c o ntin u e t o b e h e ard

9 N ote : “o ur g ove rn m ents ” to re fe r to th ose o f th e c o untr ie s o f a ll o f u s p a rtic ip atin g in th e E W S; a n d “o ur
o rg aniz a tio ns” to r e fe r to th ose w e a re p art o f a nd o ur lo ca l c o u ntr y C S p artn ers .

– 1 9 –
IV . Th re a ts a n d in flu en ce o f n on-s ta te a c to rs
a . D ocu m enta tio n o f a n y k in d o f u nu su al a ctiv it y , e ve n if it m ig ht s e e m d ue to s tr e et v io le n ce .
b . W ork sh ops to tr a in o n p ro te ctiv e m easu re s – p ers o n al, in fo rm atio n, o ff ic e s
c . C om munic a tio ns to In te rn atio nal L ab or O rg a niz a tio n a n d o th er in stit u tio n s th a t c o uld c o ntr ib ute to
o ff s e t th re ats f r o m p riv a te s e cto r
d . C om munic a tio ns to in te rn atio nal C SO ’s th at o ve rs e e p ra ctic e s o f C orp ora te S ocia l R esp on sib ili t y
a n d c o uld e xp o se lo ca l c o m pa nie s a s v io la to rs o f r ig hts
V . Mis c ell a n eo us
R esp on se s d epe nd o f e ve nts

– 2 0 –
A N NEX 6 . C om munic atio ns P la n
E arly W arn in g S yste m F ull Im ple m en ta tio n P hase
EW S C om m unic a tio ns O bje ctiv e s
T he o bje ctiv e s o f t h e E W S c o m mun ic a tio ns a re :
1. To e n su re th at th e a pp ro p ria te s ta ke hold e rs r e ce iv e in fo rm atio n in a t im ely m an ne r
2 . To e n su re th at th e in fo rm atio n r e ce iv e d e n able s s ta ke hold e rs to r e sp on d in a n e ffe ctiv e m an ner

C om munic atio ns / A dvo cacy T ools
A s th e re su lt s o f th e E W S a re d if fic u lt to p re dic t, b efo re th e re se a rc h is c a rrie d o ut, it is d if f ic u lt to s e t
a b so lu te co m mun ic a tio ns to ols or messa g es. W hil e so m e to o ls ca n be id entif ie d wit h in th is
c o m mun ic a tio ns p la n, th e to ols w ill a ls o n eed to re ta in fle xib il it y in o rd er to a d ap t to th e n ee ds o f v a ry in g
c o u ntr y c o nte xts .
C IV IC US, in c o nsu lt a tio n w it h c o untr y p a rtn ers , w ill ta ke a le a d o n d eve lo pin g th e c o m munic a tio n s a nd
a d vo ca cy to ols . C ountr y p artn ers a re e n co u ra ged to s u g gest n ew a nd in n ova tiv e to o ls th a t c a n b e u se d in
t h e ir c o u ntr ie s.
S ug g este d c o m munic a tio ns a n d a dvo ca cy t o ols :

· Actio n a le rts a nd p re ss r e le ase s
· Lob byin g o f lo ca l a nd n atio nal g ove rn m en t, a s w ell a s r e g io n al a nd in te rn atio na l b o die s
· Petit io ns a n d le tte rs o f a p peal
· Repo rts , in clu din g p olic y r e co m men da tio ns
· Solid a rit y o r f a ct- fin din g m is sio n s
· Regula rly update d “E arly W arn in g S ys te m ” se ctio n in each of th e co u ntr y se ctio ns on th e
C IV IC US w ebsit e
· Lin ks t o t h e E W S s e ctio n o r a ctiv e a p plic a tio n o n p artn er w ebsit e s
· Regula r u p da te s in C IV IC US n e w sle tt e rs – e -c iv ic u s a n d C SW M on th ly B ull e tin
· Atte nd in g o r o rg an is in g m ee tin gs/w ork sh ops a t n atio nal, r e gio n al o r in te rn atio n al le ve ls
· Partn ers h ip s w it h in te rn a tio n al a nd /o r lo ca l o rg a nis a tio n s
· New sp ape r/m agazin e a rtic le s o r o p-e ds
· Seekin g r e m ed ie s t h ro ugh ju dic ia l o r q u asi- ju dic ia l b odie s
· Mee tin gs w it h lo ca l p artn ers t o d is cu ss s tr a te gie s ( IC NL)
· Com m enta rie s o n le gis la tiv e d ra fts ( IC NL)
· Assis ta n ce fu n din g to s u p port d ia lo gue w it h o ffic ia l o rg ans ( IC NL)
· Tech n ic a l a ssis ta n ce in m onit o rin g th e im ple m enta tio n o f le gis la tio n a ffe ctin g c iv il s o cie ty ( IC NL)
C re atio n o f E W S N etw ork s
T he s u cce ss o f th e E arly W arn in g S ys te m is d ep ende nt o n th e q u alit y o f re po rtin g p ro du ce d, a n d th e
a b il it y o f s ta ke hold ers to u se th e re su lt s o f th e re p ortin g. It is h o pe d th a t tw o ty p e s o f n e tw ork s w ill b e
c re ate d to a ssis t w it h th e d is tr ib utio n o f in fo rm atio n fr o m th e E W S, a nd a ctiv e lo bbyin g a n d a d vo ca cy,
w here a ppro pria te .
I n te rn atio nal n etw ork – T his n e tw ork w ill b uil d o n th e e xis tin g n etw ork s o f C IV IC U S a nd IC NL. It w ill b e
m ade u p o f c iv il s o cie ty o rg anis a tio ns, a s w ell a s s ym pa th etic m em bers o f g ove rn m ent a n d b usin ess.
N etw ork m em be rs w ill b e n o tif ie d o f im pen din g a nd c u rre nt th re ats to c iv il s o cie ty , a nd w ill b e a sk to
r e sp o nd w here a ppro pria te . S om e o f th e n etw ork m em bers m ay b e c o n ta cte d d ir e ctly to ta ke c e rta in
a ctio ns.

– 2 1 –
L o cal n etw ork o f c iv il s o cie ty e xp erts – C ou ntr y p a rtn er o rg a nis a tio n s w ill c o nn ect w it h a n um be r o f
i n te re ste d o rg anis a tio ns a nd in div id ua ls w ho c o uld fo rm p art o f a n in fo rm al n etw ork to a ssis t w it h p ro vid in g
r e le va nt in fo rm atio n, re ce iv in g E W S a le rts , a s w ell a s c o n du ctin g lo b byin g a n d a dvo ca cy a ctiv it ie s, e it h e r
a lo n g w it h th e c o u ntr y p a rtn e r o r in d ep en dently . S uch a n etw ork c o uld b e m ade u p o f re pre se n ta tiv e s o f
d if fe re nt fo rm s o f lo ca l a n d in te rn atio n al c iv il s o cie ty w it h in th e c o u ntr y (i. e . tr a de u nio ns, fa it h b ase d
o rg anis a tio ns, etc ) as w ell as in te re ste d cit iz e ns, lo ca l m edia an d fo re ig n co rr e sp o nden ts , don ors ,
s ym path etic p olit ic ia n s a n d d ip lo m ats a s w ell a s re g io nal a nd in te rn atio n al h um an rig hts b od ie s. T he
c o m po sit io n o f th e n e tw ork d ep e nds o n th e c o u ntr y c o n te xt.
T he co untr y p a rtn er’s m eth o d o f co m munic a tio n w it h th e in fo rm al n e tw ork d e pe nds o n th e ir sp ecif ic
p re fe re nce . T his c a n b e d o ne th ro ugh re gula r e m ail u p d ate s a n d th e c ir c u la tio n o f re ports , in clu sio n o f
i n fo rm atio n in a n e xis tin g o rg anis a tio n al n ew sle tte r, o r o cca sio nal in fo rm atio n s h a rin g th ro u gh m eetin gs.
W hen th ere is a n im min en t t h re at id entif ie d, th e c o m munic a tio ns c a n b e m ore fr e q uent.

– 2 2 –
A N NEX 7 . L is t o f C ountr y P artn er R ep re sen ta tiv es
E arly W arn in g S yste m F ull Im ple m en ta tio n P hase

Nam e O rg an is a tio n C ountr y C onta ct
D ang T hu G ia n g C EC O DES Vie tn a m gia n gd an gth u@ ya hoo.c o m
D avid L id im ani Deve lo p m ent
S erv ic e s E xc h an ge
( D SE)
S
olo m on
I s la n ds lid im anid @ ya ho o.c o m

D m it r i M aka ro v Youth H um an
R ig hts M ove m ent
( Y H RM ) R
ussia orlo ve ts @ gm ail. c o m
F am bai
N gir a nde N
atio nal A sso cia tio n
o f N G Os ( N AN G O) Z
im bab w e fa m ba i@ nango.o rg .z w
F elic ia n o R eyn a Sin erg ia Vene zu ela re yg an@ attg lo bal. n et
fjr e yn a @ gm ail. c o m
In e ssa F ra nts In stit u te fo r
D eve lo p m ent
C oope ra tio n ( ID C) K
aza kh sta n in essa fr a nts @ ya hoo.c o m
M agdi A bde l
H am id E
gyp tia n
A ss o cia tio n fo r
C om munit y
P artic ip a tio n
E nhance m en t
( E A C PE) E
gyp t c p e_ eg@ ya h oo .c o m
M oham mad
I s m ail P
akis ta n N G O
F oru m P
akis ta n nccr_ p k@ ya h oo .c o m .
N ada A m m ar

A
ss o cia tio n p o ur la
D éfe nse d e s D ro it s
e t d es L ib e rté s
( A D DL)
L
e bano n a m m arn @ unhcr.o rg
L u is S err a Red N ic a ra gu en se
p or la D em ocra cia y
e l D esa rr o ll o L o ca l
N
ic a ra g ua se cre ta ria @ re d lo ca ln ic a ra gu a.o rg
lu is h ecto rs e rr a @ ya hoo.c o m .a r
R one o S .
C la m or K
ara pata n Phili p pin es K ara pata n.p id @ gm ail . c o m
C la m or.ji g s@ gm ail. c o m
R uth S olo m on
R ega ssa
O
rg an is a tio n f o r
S ocia l J u stic e ,
E th io pia ( O SJE )
E
th io pia o sje @ eth io ne t.e t

S ukh ro bjo n
I s m oilo v R
apid R esp o nse
G ro up U
zb e kis ta n su kh ro b.is m oil o v@ gm ail. c o m
S ura j S aza w al Charit ie s a nd
S ocie tie s N etw ork ,
O M B W atc h U
SA ssa za w al@ ch a rit y a n dse cu rit y .o rg

– 2 3 –
A N NEX 8 . P ro je c t T e rm s o f R efe re n ce
E arly W arn in g S yste m F ull Im ple m en ta tio n P hase
CIV IC US: W orld A ll ia nce fo r C it iz e n P artic ip atio n , in p artn ers h ip w it h th e In te rn a tio nal C en te r fo r N ot fo r P ro fit L a w
( IC NL) have deve lo p ed an E arly W arn in g S ys te m (E W S) th at se eks to m onit o r an d
id en tif y in d ic a tio ns of
i m pen din g th re ats to civ il so cie ty sp ace in ord er to enable effe ctiv e an d pre -e m ptiv e re sp on se s to
r e str ic tiv e la w s a nd p olic ie s.
T he E W S m eth od olo gy w as p ilo te d (O cto b er 2 0 08–M arc h 2 009) w it h p a rtn er o rg anis a tio n s in se ve n
c o u ntr ie s.
10 S eve n m ore c o untr ie s h ave b ee n in clu de d in th e fu ll im ple m en ta tio n p h ase , ta kin g th e to ta l
n u m ber o f c o untr ie s to b e c o ve re d in th e fu ll im ple m enta tio n p ha se to 1 4 . 11
T he m ain o f o b je ctiv e s o f t h e E W S a re to :
· Genera te b ro ade r a w are ness a bo ut re str ic tio ns o n c iv il s o cie ty s p a ce a m on g v a rie d s ta ke hold e rs a t
n atio nal, re g io n al a n d in te rn atio nal le ve ls , in clu din g g o ve rn m ents , c iv il s o cie ty o rg an is a tio ns, in te r-
g ove rn m enta l o rg a nis a tio n s, d on or a gencie s a nd th e m edia ;
· Enab le e ff e ctiv e d is se m in a tio n o f re lia ble a nd e asil y a cce ss ib le in fo rm atio n re la te d to c iv il s o cie ty in
t h e 1 4 c o u ntr ie s, p artic u la rly r e la te d to th re ats t o c iv il s o cie ty to e n able a dvo ca cy a n d o th er a ctio ns;
· Build s tr o n ge r lo ca l a nd in te rn atio nal n etw ork s o f s ta ke ho ld e rs in vo lv e d in c o lla bora tin g o n is su es
r e la te d to c iv il s o cie ty s p ace ; a n d
· Enab le e nh ance d e ffe ctiv e ness o f re sp onse s (b oth lo ca lly a n d in te rn atio nally ), a t a n e a rly s ta g e, to
l e g al d eve lo p m en ts t h a t m ay im ped e c iv il s o cie ty ’s a ctiv it ie s in th e c o u ntr ie s c o ve re d b y th e p ro je ct.
C IV IC US p ro vid e s o ve ra ll g u id an ce a nd c o o rd in atio n to th e a ctiv it ie s, w hil e lo ca l p artn ers w ill b e in vo lv e d
i n th e d ata c o lle ctio n a nd c o ord in atio n o f n e tw ork in g a nd re sp o nse s a t th e n atio na l le ve l. C IV IC U S w il l
a ls o p ro vid e a naly s is o f th e c o un tr y re ports a nd s u pport p a rtn ers in d is se m in atin g a nd re sp o nd in g to th e
i n fo rm atio n th ere in .
T asks o f th e in -c o untr y p artn er

T he ta sks o f th e p a rtn er o rg anis a tio ns d urin g th e p erio d fr o m S epte m ber 2 00 9 u n til S ep te m ber 2 0 10 w ill
i n clu d e th e fo llo w in g:
P artic ip ate in th e tr a in in g a n d c o nsu lt a tio n w ork s h op (J o h an nes b urg , S ou th A fr ic a) in S ep te m ber
2 0 09
T he E arly W arn in g S yste m w ork sh op w ill b e h eld fr o m 1 7 S ep te m ber 2 0 09 th ro ugh 1 9 S ep te m ber 2 00 9
a n d w ill in vo lv e a n e le m en t o f tr a in in g, a s w ell a s o ffe r a n o pportu nit y to b e tte r r e fin e a n d a dju st th e E W S
m onit o rin g to o ls in c o n su lt a tio n w it h a ll th e p a rtn e rs . C IV IC US w ill d is cu ss e xp e rie nce s fr o m th e p il o t s tu dy,
p re se nt a d ra ft re vis e d m eth od olo gy a nd in vit e d is cu ss io n s fr o m p artn ers o n co nce rn s, a nd p o ssib le
c h a ll e ng es. C IV IC US w ill c o ve r th e c o st o f tr a ve l a n d a cco m modatio n f o r a ll c o u ntr y p artn ers .
C arr y o ut p erio dic al m onit o rin g o f s it u atio ns t h at t h re ate n c iv il s o cie ty a n d p re p are b rie f b i- w eek ly
r e p orts in a cc o rd an ce w it h i n dic a to rs
B oth se co nd ary and prim ary so urc e s sh ou ld be use d fo r re g ula r m onit o rin g, e.g . m ed ia , offic ia l
p u blic a tio ns and sta te m ents , civ il so cie ty re po rts , in te rn atio nal re po rts (b o th civ il so cie ty an d
g o ve rn m enta l) , a s w ell a s d a ta fr o m lo ca l o bse rv a tio n a nd in fo rm al s o urc e s. T he r e ports w il l b e s u bm it te d
t o C IV IC US o n a b i- w eekly b asis s ta rtin g in O cto be r 2 0 09. T he fir s t b i- w eekly r e po rt w ill b e s u b m it t e d o n 9
O cto be r 2 009 , a nd th e fin a l r e p ort o n 3 0 S epte m ber 2 01 0.

1 0 T he s e ve n p ilo t s tu dy c o u ntr ie s w ere : E th io pia , K aza kh sta n, L e ba non, P hilip pin es, S olo m on Is la nd s, t h e
U nit e d S ta te s, a n d V ie tn a m .
1 1 E gyp t, E th io p ia , K aza kh sta n, L eba non, N ic a ra gua, P hilip p in es, P akis ta n , R ussia , S olo m on Is la n ds,
U nit e d S ta te s, U zb e kis ta n , V en ezu ela , V ie tn am , a n d Z im bab w e.

– 2 4 –
S ubm it q uarte rly r e p ort a n aly sin g t h e d eve lo pm en ts i n t h e c o un tr y
T he c o untr y p a rtn er w ill d eve lo p a nd s u bm it q u arte rly re p orts th at a n aly s e s th e th re ats o r s ig ns o f th re ats
t o c iv il s o cie ty in th eir c o u ntr y d urin g th e y e ar m onit o re d. T he fo u r re p orts s h ou ld b e b etw een 1 0 00-1 50 0
w ord s, a nd p ro vid e in sig ht in to th e c o nte xt, th e n a tu re o f th e th re a ts , a nd w hat th e y m ean fo r c iv il s o cie ty
i n th e c o untr y . T he fir s t q u arte rly re port s h all b e s u bm it te d b y th e e nd o f J a n ua ry 2 010; th e s e co n d
q u arte rly r e port s h a ll b e s u b m it te d b y th e e nd o f A pril 2 010; th e th ir d q ua rte rly r e p ort s h a ll b e s u b m it te d b y
t h e e nd o f
Ju ly 2 0 10 a n d th e f in al q u arte rly r e po rt s h a ll b e s u bm it te d b y th e e nd o f O cto ber 2 01 0 .
C re ate a n in fo rm al i n -c o untr y n etw ork o f c iv il s o cie ty e xp erts
T he c o un tr y p artn er w ill b uild a n in fo rm al n etw ork o f c iv il s o cie ty e xp e rts in te re ste d in s u ppo rtin g a n d
i n fo rm in g th e E W S m on it o rin g a nd re sp on se s. T his n e tw ork s h o uld in clu de re pre se nta tiv e s o f v a rio us
s e cto rs o f c iv il s o cie ty , p o ssib ly in clu d in g a ca dem ic s, m ed ia , tr a d e u nio ns a nd fa it h b ase d o rg anis a tio ns,
a m on g o th ers . T he c o m po sit io n o f th e in fo rm al n e tw ork d ep en ds o n th e c o untr y c o nte xt.
1 2 T he c o u ntr y
p a rtn er s h o uld c o rr e sp ond w it h th e m em be rs o f th e n etw ork o n a re gula r b asis to re ce iv e a nd s h are
i n fo rm atio n fo r th e m onit o rin g a ctiv it ie s a n d, w here a ppro pria te , to c o ord in ate p ossib le r e sp o nse s.
W ork w it h C IV IC US/I C NL t o r e sp ond t o s ig ns o f t h re a ts
T he c o untr y p a rtn er w ill g uid e a nd c o lla bo ra te w it h C IV IC U S a nd IC NL o n p o ssib le re sp o nse s to w arn in g
s ig ns, a s id entif ie d b y th e E W S to o ls . T he se c o u ld in clu de p ubli c a pp eals , s u b m is sio ns to n atio n al a n d
i n te rn atio nal b odie s, a s w ell a s s tr a te gic a dvo ca cy a ctio n s, lo bbyin g, n e tw ork in g a n d c o alit io n-b u ild in g w it h
l i k e -m in de d c iv il s o cie ty o rg anis a tio ns. T he r e sp o nse s w ill v a ry d epe nd in g o n th e c o un tr y , a n d th e a dvic e
o f th e c o untr y p artn er. A t le ast o ne re sp o nse p er c o u ntr y s h ould b e p la nne d a nd c a rrie d o u t b e tw een
O cto be r 2 009 a nd S epte m be r 2 010.
W ork w it h C IV IC US o n d eve lo pm en t o f c o m munic a tio ns t o ols a n d a c e n tr a l d ata b ase.
T he c o u ntr y p artn er w il l c o lla b ora te a nd w ork w it h C IV IC US to fu rth er e nhance c o m munic a tio n to o ls
a n d/o r w ork o n th e d eve lo p m ent o f a c e n tr a lis e d d ata b ase . I n a ddit io n t o c o ntr ib utin g id eas a nd
s u b m it t in g r e co m m endatio ns, t h e c o u ntr y p a rtn e r m ay a ls o b e a ske d p a rtic ip ate in w ork in g g ro ups w hic h
a im to e it h er d e ve lo p a d ata base o r a ssis t in im pro vin g c o m mun ic a tio ns a nd n etw ork in g to ols .
C oun tr y p artn ers w ill a ls o b e in vit e d to u se t h e g ro up m ailin g lis t (
e w sg ro u p@ google gro up s.c o m ) to s h are
i n fo rm atio n a nd p ro vid e a d vic e /s u g gestio n s to o th er c o untr y p artn e rs .
R equ ir e m ents f o r s e le ctio n o f in -c o u ntr y p a rtn e rs :

P artn er o rg a nis a tio n s in e a ch c o u ntr y s h ould b e a ble to d e m onstr a te th e fo llo w in g:
· An in -d ep th k n o w le dg e o f c iv il s o cie ty is s u es a nd t h e th re ats f a ce d b y it , a s w ell a s c iv il s o cie ty s ta tu s
a n d d eve lo pm en t in th e c o u ntr y ;
· Fam ilia rit y w it h c iv il s o cie ty le ad ers in th e c o un tr y , in clu d in g h e ads o f N G Os, c it iz e n o rg anis a tio n s a nd
m ove m ents , c o m munit y -b ase d o rg anis a tio ns, tr a d e u nio ns, f a it h -b a se d o rg a nis a tio ns a n d m ass
m ed ia ;
· Basic r e se arc h s kills in clu d in g p rio r e xp erie nce in c o nductin g s u rv e ys , m onit o rin g m ass m ed ia ,
c o n te nt- a na ly sis o f s e co nd ary s o u rc e s a nd o bse rv a tio n;
· Exp erie nce m onit o rin g h um an r ig hts is s u es t o s o m e le ve l ( fo rm ally o r in fo rm ally ) o n a n o ng oin g b asis ;
· Abili t y to f lu e ntly c o m mun ic a te a nd r e port in E ng lis h , in a ddit io n to k n o w le d ge o f lo ca l la n gu ages.
T asks o f C IV IC US

C iv il S ocie ty W atc h p ro g ra m me te am o f C IV IC US w ill :
· Ove rs e e o ve ra ll im ple m enta tio n o f th e p ro je ct;
· Cond uct a tr a in in g a nd c o nsu lt a tio n w ork sh op fo r lo ca l p a rtn ers in S ep te m ber 2 009
· Coord in ate t h e s u b m is sio n o f b i- w eekly m on it o rin g r e ports a n d th e ir e n tr y in to a d ata base .
· Pre se nt u p da te s b a se d o n th e m on it o rin g r e p orts o n th e C IV IC US w ebsit e .
· Dis se m in ate u pd ate s b ase d o n th e m on it o rin g r e p orts to a n in te rn atio na l n e tw ork o f in te re ste d
a nd in flu entia l in div id uals .
· Work w it h c o un tr y p artn ers t o d eve lo p a pp ro pria te r e sp o nse s.
1 2 W here th e c o untr y p artn er is a m em bers h ip o rg anis a tio n, th e in fo rm al n e tw ork c a n b e b ase d o n t h ese
m em bers . A ddit io nal m em bers , h ow eve r, m ay n ee d to b e in clu ded t o e nsu re a d iv e rs e r e pre se n ta tio n.

– 2 5 –
· Sum maris e th e f in al r e po rts p ro vid e d b y c o un tr y p artn ers in to a n a n nual r e port fo r th e E W S
p ro je ct.
F un din g

I n -c o untr y p artn ers ’ e xp ense s r e la te d to p artic ip a tio n in th e S ep te m ber 2 00 9 w ork sh o p in S ou th A fr ic a w ill
b e c o ve re d b y C IV IC U S.
F or th e p erio d o f O cto be r 1 , 2 0 09 u ntil O cto b er 3 1, 2 0 10 th e lo ca l p a rtn ers w ill r e ce iv e a n h onora riu m
e q uiv a le nt to $ 6 000 ( U SD ) in to ta l, p a id in t w o in sta lm en ts o f $ 30 00 ( U SD ) in O cto be r 2 009 a nd A pril 2 01 0.

Lis t o f P artn ers

T he fo llo w in g o rg an is a tio ns p artn ere d w it h C IV IC US a nd IC NL in th e p il o t p hase o f th e p ro je ct a n d w ill b e
c o n tin u in g th eir p artn e rs h ip in t h e fu ll im ple m en ta tio n p hase :
13

· Asso cia tio n p ou r la D éfe nse d e s D ro it s e t d e s L ib erté s – A D D L ( L e ban on )
· Deve lo pm ent S erv ic e s E xc h a nge – D SE ( S olo m on I s la nds)
· In stit u te f o r D eve lo pm ent C oope ra tio n – I D C ( K aza kh sta n )
· Kara pa ta n ( P hili p pin es)
· Natio nal I n stit u te fo r S cie nce a nd T ech nolo g y P olic y a nd S tr a te gy S tu die s – C EC O DES
( V ie tn am )
· Charit ie s a n d S ocie tie s N etw ork O M B W atc h ( U SA)
· Org an is a tio n fo r S ocia l J u stic e in E th io pia – O SJE ( E th io p ia )
T he n e w p artn ers in th e fu ll im ple m enta tio n p hase o f th e p ro je ct a re :

· Egyp tia n A sso cia tio n fo r C om munit y P artic ip a tio n E nha nce m en t – E AC PE ( E gyp t)
· Natio nal A sso cia tio n o f N G O s – N AN G O ( Z im bab w e)
· Pakis ta n N G O F oru m ( P akis ta n)
· Rapid R esp onse G ro up ( U zb ekis ta n)
· Red N ic a ra gu en se p o r la D em ocra cia y e l D esa rro llo L oca l ( N ic a ra gua )
· Sin erg ia ( V enezu ela )
· You th H um an R ig h ts M ove m ent – Y H RM ( R ussia )